| 1.Most paints include at least four groups of components: binders, volatile substances, pigments, and additives. 译文： 大多数涂料包括四组成分：绑带，可挥发物质，颜料和粘土。 | |
| | 2.Paint is any liquid, liquifiable, or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. 译文：涂料可以是液体、易液化的或膏状的化合物，它在使用后会在底物上形成一层不透明的薄层。 | |
| | 3.A dye can generally be described as a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. 译文：染料一般可描述为可吸附于被染色底物上的彩色物质。 | |
| | 4.The hydrocarbon end is non-polar and is soluble in non-polar substances (such as fats and oils), and the ionic end (the salt of a carboxylic acid) is soluble in water. 译文：碳氢链末端是非极性的就溶于极性物质（例如脂肪和油），而离子型末端（碳酸的盐）可溶于非极性物质中。 | |
| | 5.Resonance structures that cause displacement or appearance of absorption bands in the visible spectrum of light are responsible for color. 译文：能够在可见光谱吸收区引起位移或显色的共振结构是产生颜色的原因。 | |
| | 6.As a gas or as a gaseous suspension, the paint is suspended in solid or liquid form in a gas that is sprayed on an object. 译文：当涂料以气态或气态悬浮物来使用时，是在气体中以液体或固体形式存在，并涂布于物件上。 | |
| | 7.Dyes are synthesized in a reactor, filtered, dried, and blended with other additives to produce the final product. 译文：染料是在反应器中合成的，经过过滤，染色，再与其他添加剂混合以合成最终的产品。 | |
| | 8.A soap molecule consists of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group on one end which is ionic bonded to a metal ion, usually a sodium or potassium.译文：肥皂分子（结构）中包含一个长碳氢链，其一端为离子化的、与金属离子如钠、钾结合的羧基基团。 | |
| 1.metallic compounds | |
| | 2.lake pigment | |
| | 3.sodium tripolyphosphate | |
| | 4.emulsifier | |
| | 5.volatile substances | |
| | 6.absorption bands | |
| | 7.calcium carbonate | |
| | 8.spray painting | |
| | 9.water-soluble substances | |
| | 10.calcined clay | |
| | 11.food additives | |
| | 12.enzyme | |
| | 13.granular | |
| | 14.synthetic fibers | |
| | 15. chromogen | |
|
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