| 1.However, there is a significant difference between them; soaps are produced from natural products, and detergents are synthetic, or man-made.译文：然而，他们之间存在一个重大的差别；肥皂是合成的或人造的产品，而洗涤剂是天然产物。 | |
| | 2.Paint is any liquid, liquifiable, or mastic composition which after application to a substrate in a thin layer is converted to an opaque solid film. 译文：涂料可以是液体、易液化的或膏状的化合物，它在使用后会在底物上形成一层不透明的薄层。 | |
| | 3.Dyes are synthesized in a reactor, filtered, dried, and blended with other additives to produce the final product. 译文：染料是在反应器中合成的，经过过滤，染色，再与其他添加剂混合以合成最终的产品。 | |
| | 4.A soap molecule consists of a long hydrocarbon chain with a carboxylic acid group on one end which is ionic bonded to a metal ion, usually a sodium or potassium.译文：肥皂分子（结构）中包含一个长碳氢链，其一端为离子化的、与金属离子如钠、钾结合的羧基基团。 | |
| | 5.Most paints include at least four groups of components: binders, volatile substances, pigments, and additives. 译文： 大多数涂料包括四组成分：绑带，可挥发物质，颜料和粘土。 | |
| | 6.As a gas or as a gaseous suspension, the paint is suspended in solid or liquid form in a gas that is sprayed on an object. 译文：当涂料以气态或气态悬浮物来使用时，是在气体中以液体或固体形式存在，并涂布于物件上。 | |
| | 7.The hydrocarbon end is non-polar and is soluble in non-polar substances (such as fats and oils), and the ionic end (the salt of a carboxylic acid) is soluble in water. 译文：碳氢链末端是非极性的就溶于极性物质（例如脂肪和油），而离子型末端（碳酸的盐）可溶于非极性物质中。 | |
| | 8.A dye can generally be described as a colored substance that has an affinity to the substrate to which it is being applied. 译文：染料一般可描述为可吸附于被染色底物上的彩色物质。 | |
| 1.metallic compounds | |
| | 2.viscosity | |
| | 3.absorption bands | |
| | 4.calcium carbonate | |
| | 5.water-soluble substances | |
| | 6. hydrocarbon chain | |
| | 7.volatile substances | |
| | 8.enzyme | |
| | 9. triphenylmethane | |
| | 10.spray painting | |
| | 11.lake pigment | |
| | 12.calcined clay | |
| | 13.potassium hydroxide | |
| | 14.carboxylic acid group | |
| | 15.emulsifier | |
|
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