until既可以用作介词,又可用作连词。作介词时,后面要接具体的时刻;作连词用时,后面要接时间状语从句。以下就是关于until的使用方法的一个整理
until的意思
prep. 到…为止;在…以前;
conj. 到…为止,在…以前;直到…才
until的用法
until(或till)在句子中用作介词或连词,其含义和since有类似之处,只是since强调的是某一段的时间的起点(“从……”),而until表示的是一段时间的终点(“到……”)。
一.由until(或till)构成的介词短语或引起的从句在句中作状语时,如果是肯定句,句子的谓语动词或主句中的谓语动词一般是延续性的;在否定句或含有否定意义的句子中,句子的谓语动词或主句中的谓语动词,既可是非延续性的,也可以是延续性的。肯定句侧重动作延续的时间,否定句说明动作开始的时间。
例如:
They thought their bodies would be well kept in these until they would come back to life.
He and the other doctors did not leave until the operation was over.
They are not going back to work until they get it.
He doesn’t sit down until the other person takes his seat.
And then they went on with their work at the empty loons until late into the night.
No more work was done on it until the People’s Republic of China was founded.
二.对含有“not … until …”结构的句子进行强调时,须用it is (was )not until…that…。
例如:
It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star.
It was not until I saw Margaret the next morning, however, that I felt happy.
三.如果把“it is (was )… that ….”这个强调结构的框架去掉,句子就须用倒装语序。若是一个复合句时,要倒装主句中的主谓部分。
until 与till 的区别
(1)在句首时多用until。例如:
Until then I had known nothing about it.
(2)在from … till … 这一词组里,用till比用until普通,但也可用until。例如:
I worked from morning till late at night.
There was a beautiful Mozart concert on the radio from six o′clock until a quarter past seven.
(3)在“good—bye till …”及“up till…”中,till不能用until 替代。例如:
Yes, we can help one another. Good–bye till then.
I’ve lived in the country all my life up till now.
until的用法例句
1、Until 1982 he was senior lecturer in botany at Durham University.1982年以前他一直是达勒姆大学生物系的高级讲师。
2、The traffic laws don't take effect until the end of the year.交通法要到年底才生效。
3、It was not until 1911 that the first of the vitamins was identified.直到1911年才发现了第一种维生素。
4、I waited a long time until a script came along that I thought was genuinely funny.我等了很长时间,直到出现了一个我认为真正逗趣的剧本。
5、I tell you this, I will not rest until that day has come.我可以肯定地说,不到那天我不会休息。
6、I have left my best wine until last.我把最好的酒留到了最后。
使用时需要注意的是:
一、在含有until引导的时间状语从句中,如果句子(主句)的谓语动词是延续性动词(即动作可以延续一段时间的动词),如:work,live,stay,study,play,wait等,那么这个句子(主句)常常用肯定式,表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。这时until可译作“直到……为止”。例如:
I'll work until he tells me to stop.我会一直工作到他叫我停下来为止。
二、在含有until引导的时间状语从句中,如果句子(主句)的谓语动词是非持续性动词(即动作一会儿就结束的动词),如:come,go,leave,begin,start,finish等,那么这个句子(主句)常常要用否定式,表示某一动作到until所表示的时间才发生。not...until...意为“直到……才……”。例如:
She didn't go to bed until she finished her homework.她直到做完作业,才去睡觉。
三、until用作连词引导时间状语从句时,从句表示的如果还没有发生,习惯上也要用一般现在时而不用一般将来时,也就是说当主句用一般将来时(或主句是祈使句时),until引导的时间状语从句要用一般现在时。例如:
Don't leave until we come back.在我们回来之前,不要离开。
We won't go home until the rain stops.我们要直到雨停了才回家。
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