电大英语第一册第7-11单元的语法重点包括：1. 三种时态的构成及用法，即：现在进行时、一般将来时和一般过去时；2. 表示地点和方向的介词，包括into，to，past，from，down，by，at，in，on，above，over，inside和outside等。这五个单元的听说训练重点包括：打电话、会晤、周末活动、谈论学习及火车站交谈等功能项目内容。要求学员弄清并掌握时态间的区别和用法，特别要下功夫把不规则动词的过去式逐个地记住，请参看《学生手册》中的附录II。
I．所学几种时态的区别和用法：
一．一般现在时与现在进行时
一般现在时主要是表示经常性或习惯性的动作、经常存在的情况或状态；而现在进行时则表示此刻或当前这一段时间正在进行的动作，由“be（随人称而变化）+ 现在分词（即由动词原形 +ing）”构成。试比较：
He does morning exercises every day. 他每天做早操。
He is doing morning exercises now. 他现在正在做早操。
She often reviews her English lessons. 她经常复习英语课。
She is reviewing her English lessons at the moment. 她目前正在复习英语课。
These days she is very busy. 这些天她很忙。
How are you getting on with the work？工作进行得怎么样？
二．一般将来时shall/will+动词原形与to be going to + 动词原形
这两种表示将来的形式常常是可以通用的，但两者有时还是有区别的，有些场合只能使用其中之一。前一种结构仅表示将要发生的事情，即多用来表示纯属客观的将来，即可指“最近的将来”，也可指“较远的将来”，并不夹杂主观因素。另外，在句中含有条件从句时，一般用此种结构。后一种结构常用来表示打算或计划好了在最近或将来要做的事情，也可以表示现在已有迹象表明将要发生的某种情况。
Today we will/shall have a report on the situation （形势）in Asia.
我们今天有关于亚洲形势的报告。
They are going to build a school here. 他们打算在这儿建一所学校。
You’ll be twenty next year. 明年你就20岁了。
It is going to rain. 天要下雨了。
另外，现在进行时也可以用来表示将来，但只限于时间表等事先已安排、规定好了的事情，不取决于说话者个人的主观愿望。常用于这种时态表示将来的包括：go，come，leave，start，begin等动词。
三．其他表示将来的说法
（一） 表示移动的动词（go，come，leave，start）可用一般现在时表示安排或计划好的将来的动作。如：The train starts at ten o’clock in the morning. 火车将于上午10点钟开出。
（二） 表示移动的动词（go，come，leave，start）可用现在进行时来表示即将发生的动作。如：They are leaving for Shanghai. 他们就要到上海去了。
（三） “to be about + do sth.”表示即将发生的动作，口语中用得较多。如：The performance is about to begin. 演出即将开始。
四．一般过去时
表示过去的动作或状态，这一时态乃是学习第一册的重难点，需要把规则动词的过去式的构成搞清楚，特别要下功夫把不规则动词的过去式逐个熟记。在学习此种时态时还应注意以下几点：
（一） 一般过去时往往与表明过去时间的状语（yesterday，last night，before，ago，in 1980等）连用。
（二） 行为动词一般过去时的否定式的词序是：“主语 + did + not + 动词原形 + 其他成分”；而一般疑问句的词序则是：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他成分。例如：
1. I didn’t see the film last Sunday. 上星期我没看电影。
2. Did you watch TV yesterday evening? 昨晚你看电视了吗？
II．7—11单元语法综合练习题
一． 将括号内的动词变成适当的形式
1. His parents ______(live) in Shanghai in 1980.
2. What ______you______(watch) on TV yesterday?
3. The meeting ______ (start) at seven.
4. How ______ you ______ (spend) your holidays?
5. ______ they ______ (go) to Thailand after Malaysia?
Yes, they ______.
6. _____ I ______ (open) the window?
7. _____ you ______ (help) me?
8. We’d better go to visit those friends tomorrow morning. They ______ (leave) for Tibet (西藏).
9. The young worker ______ (clean) the machine now.
10.After I ______ (finish) middle school, I ______ (go) to the countryside. In my spare time I _____ (study) English and some other subjects. I _____ (want) very much to become a university student in the future. In 1978 I ______ (go) back to my hometown and _____ (begin) to work at a factory. In 1981 I ______ (become) a TVU student.
二． 句型转换：写出下列各句的否定形式，（在可以的地方用紧缩形式），再就句中划线部分提问，写出特殊疑问句：
1． Lao Li is listening to Peking Opera now.
2． The Greens had a wonderful time in Beijing.
3． They will arrive by ten this evening.
4． Mary found her keys in her bedroom.
5． Professor Jennings is going to buy a Chinese-English dictionary next week.
6． Mr. Smith visited the Great Wall three times.
7． Xiao Li and Xiao Wang are doing morning exercises together.
8． Tom is going to visit his friends in China next Sunday.
三． 选择正确答案：
1. The girls are talking _____ the counter.
A. on B. to C. behind
2. _____ New Year’s Eve, we’re going to make dumplings.
A. In B. On C. During
3. A bus stop is ______ the supermarket.
A. opposite B. from C. with
4. There is a Lu Xun Museum ______ Fuchengmen, Beijing.
A. over B. above C. inside
5. He ______ in a minute. Ask someone else to do it.
A. leaves B. leave C. is leaving
6. Robert ______ China a few weeks ago.
A. arrives in B. arrived in C. arrived at
7. Mary ______ her parents in London now.
A. is writing for B. is writing to C. will write with
8. It ______ rain.
A. is going to B.will C. will be
KEY
一．
1. lived
2. did…watch
3. is going to start
4. are…going to spend
5. Will…go, will
6. Shall…open
7. Will…help
8. are leaving
9. is cleaning
10. finished, went, studied, wanted, went, began, became
二．
1. Lao Li isn’t listening to Peking Opera now.
What is Lao Li listening to now?
2. The Greens didn’t have a wonderful time in Beijing.
Where did the Greens have a wonderful time?
3. They won’t arrive by ten this evening.
When will they arrive this evening?
4. Mary didn’t find her keys in her bedroom.
Who found her keys in her bedroom?
5. Professor Jennings isn’t going to buy a Chinese-English dictionary next week.
What is Professor Jennings going to buy next week?
6. Mr. Smith didn’t visit the Great Wall three times.
How many times did Mr. Smith visit the Great Wall?
7. Xiao Li and Xiao Wang aren’t doing morning exercises together.
What are Xiao Li and Xiao Wang doing together?
8. Tom isn’t going to visit his friends in China next Sunday.
When is Tom going to visit his friends in China?
三．1. C 2. B 3. A 4. C 5. C 6. B 7. B 8. A
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