观近三年高考英语试题 看对倒装句型的考查

倒装句型是历年来高考考查的热点，对于同学们来说也是一个难点。其实倒装句型是有规律可循的，如果同学们能够掌握住倒装句型的基本句式和命题特点，再遇到这一类题就能够迎刃而解了。下面对2009年、2010年和2011年全国各地高考英语试题中的各种倒装句型做一总结分析，希望同学们能够从中领悟到其命题规律，灵活掌握这类句型的用法。
　　英语中的倒装句型分为全部倒装和部分倒装两类。
　　一、全部倒装
　　将谓语动词完全放在主语之前的句子，称为全部倒装句。
　　（一）表示方位或方式的副词here, there, in, out, up, down, over, away, off, back, now, then, thus放在句首时，谓语动词是be动词，或come, go, run, rush等不及物动词时，句子常用全部倒装。例如：
　　1. Here comes our bus!
　　2. Out rushed the children.
　　3. Now comes your turn！
　　注意：如果主语是人称代词时，主谓不用倒装。例如：
　　1. Here he comes.
　　2. Here you are.
　　3. Away he ran.
　　(09上海) 38. Hearing the dog barking fiercely, away _____.
　　A. fleEing the thiefB. was fleeing the thief
　　C. the thief was fleeingD. fled the thief
　　（09 福建）25. For a moment nothing happened. Then _____ all shouting together.
　　A. voices had comeB. came voices C. voices would comeD. did voices come
　　（10江苏）33.—Is everyone here?
　　—Not yet...Look, there _____ the rest of our guests.
　　A. come B. comes C. is coming D. are coming
　　38题地点方位副词away放在句首，句子用全部倒装。25题句意：起初什么事也没发生。随后大家一起欢呼起来。副词then位于句首，主谓要用全部倒装。33题副词there放在句首，句子用全部倒装，句子主语the rest of our guests是复数形式，谓语也要用复数，时态常用一般现在时态不用进行时态，句意：看，其余的客人过来了。答案分别为：D、B、A。
　　（二）表示地点的介词短语作状语位于句首，句子要用全部倒装。谓语动词常是stand, sit, lie, stand, run, come等不及物动词。例如：
　　1. In front of the house sat a small boy.
　　2. Inside the temple live many monks.
　　3. Round the corner came a group of children.
　　（10重庆）33. At the meeting place of the Yangtze River and the Jialing River_____, one of the ten largest cities in China.
　　A. lies ChongqingB. Chongqing liesC. does lie Chongqing D. does Chongqing lie
　　句意：中国十大城市之一的重庆位于扬子江和嘉陵江两江交汇的地方。介词短语作地点状语置于句首，且主语为名词，句子要用全部倒装。答案：A。
　　(三)表语位于句首时，句子常用全部倒装。主要作用是保持句子平衡或使上下文衔接。结构常是：形容词／分词／介词短语＋be＋主语。如：
　　1. Great and beautiful is our motherland.
　　2. Gone are the days when the Chinese people were oppressed.
　　3. Around his neck is a red tie.
　　(09 江苏) 32.Distinguished guests and friends, welcome to our school. _____ the ceremony of the 50th Anniversary this morning are our alumni（校友）from home and abroad.
　　A. AttendB. To attendC. AttendingD. Having attended
　　句意：尊敬的来宾们、朋友们，欢迎莅临我校！今天上午参加我们50周年校庆的是来自国内外的校友们。表语置于句首，用全部倒装。正常语序为：Our alumni from home and abroad are attending the ceremony….答案：C。
　　（四）“There be”句型表示“存在”，是完全倒装。be可换成live，lie，come，stand，remain，exist，run, flow等不及物动词。例如：
　　1. There is nobody in the classroom.
　　2. Once upon a time, there lived a princess who was very beautiful.
　　3. There exist different opinions on this question.
　　（10陕西）17. John opened the door. There ____he had never seen before.
　　A. a girl did standB. a girl stoodC. did a girl standD. stood a girl
　　本题考查“There be”句型，be动词换成了stand，要用全部倒装。答案：D。

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二、部分倒装
　　把谓语的一部分（多为助动词或情态动词）放在主语之前的句子，称为部分倒装句。
　　（一）具有否定意义的副词及含有否定词的介词短语、连词固定搭配放在句首时，句子需要部分倒装。常用的否定词和否定词组有：not, hardly, little, never, seldom, nowhere, by no means, in no way, in no case, on no condition, at no time, on no account, no longer, not until, not only...but also, hardly...when, scarcely... when, no sooner...than等。例如：
　1. Seldom do I go to the cinema.
　　2. At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons.
　　3. Maybe you have been to many countries, but nowhere else can you find such a beautiful palace.
　　[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />　　4. Hardly had I entered the room when the telephone rang. (本句还可换成scarcely...when, no sooner...than)
　　（09 陕西）18. Little ____ about her own safety, though she was in great danger herself.
　　A. did Rose careB. Rose did careC. Rose does care D. does Rose care
　　(11福建)29.—It’s nice. Never before____such a special drink!
　　—I’m glad you like it.
　　A. I have had B. I had C. have I hadD. had I
　　(10四川) 9. We laugh at jokes, but seldom____ about how they work.
　　A. we thinkB. think weC. we do thinkD. do we think
　　（09 四川）16. Not until I came home last night _____ to bed.
　　A. Mum did goB. did Mum goC. went MumD. Mum went
　　（10江西）33. Not until he left his home_____to know how important the family was for him.
　　A. did he begin B. had he begun C. he began D. he had begun
　　(09 全国) 31.The computer was used in teaching. As a result, not only_____ , but students became more interested in the lessons.
　　A. saved was teachers’ energy B. was teachers’ energy saved
　　C. teachers’ energy was savedD. was saved teachers’ energy
　　18题和29题分别是否定副词little，never位于句首，句子要部分倒装。9题句意：我们因为笑话而笑，但很少人去想笑话是怎样使人发笑的。seldom位于并列句中第二个分句的句首，用部分倒装。16题和33题是not until+时间状语从句位于句首，主句用部分倒装。结构为：Not until+时间状语∕时间状语从句+主句（主句用部分倒装语序）。例如：
　　1. Not until years later could I realize the value of that kind of giving.
　　2. Not until he took off his sunglasses did I recognize him.
　　31题是not only...but also连接的并列分句，not only连接的分句用部分倒装，而but also连接的分句不用倒装。例如：
　　Not only does he teach in school, but he writes novels. (also可以省略)。
　　答案分别为：A、C 、D、B、A、B。
　　(二) 表示前面说的话也适用于另一人或物,要用部分倒装。其句型结构为：so∕nEither∕nor + be (助动词或情态动词) +主语。so与前面的肯定句呼应，“……也是如此”，neither∕nor与前面的否定句呼应，“……也不这样”。例如：
　　1. She is a teacher. So is her mother.（她是一个老师，她的母亲也是老师。）
　　2. I have never been abroad. Neither has he.（我从未出过国，他也没有。）
　　(09天津)14. I travel to the Binhai New Area by light railway every day, _____ do many businessmen who live in downtown Tianjin.
　　A. as B. which C. when D. though
　　句意：每天，我坐轻轨火车去滨海新区，许多住在天津闹市区的商人也是如此。用句型so +be∕助动词∕情态动词+主语,与前面的肯定句呼应，as在此相当于and so。答案：A。
　　（三）so∕such...that(如此...以致于)结构中，so∕such连同它所修饰的词放在句首加强语气时，主句要用部分倒装，that从句不用倒装。例如：
　1. Such a good boy is he that we all like him.
　　2. Such rapid progress has he made that we are all proud of him. .
　　3. So fast did he run that we couldn’t catch up with him.
　　（09 山东）27. So sudden _____ that the enemy had no time to escape.
　　A. did the attack B. the attack didC. was the attack D. the attack was
　　(09 辽宁) 28._____ is the power of TV that it can make a person suddenly famous.
　　A. SuchB. ThisC. That D. So
　　27题so连同它所修饰的词sudden放在句首，主句要用部分倒装。sudden是形容词，在句中作表语，应用was。28题句意：电视的力量很大，它能使人一举成名。such that意思是：因为非常…以致于…。例如：
　　The damage was such that it would cost too much money to repair.
　　损毁很严重，以致于要用很多钱才能修好。
　such可置于句首，主句要用部分倒装，that从句不用倒装。例如：
　　Such was the force of the explosion that the whole town was covered with ash.
　　火山爆发的威力大得使整个城镇都被灰掩埋了。
　　答案分别是：C 、A。
　　（四）副词only与其所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时，主句要用部分倒装。例如：
　　1. Only then did I realize my mistake.
　　2. Only in this way can we improve our English.
　　3. Only when one is away from home does one realize how nice home is.
　　注意：only修饰主语放在句首时，句子不用倒装。例如：
　　Only five people turned up.
　　（11课标卷全国I）28. Only when he reached the tea-house_____it was the same place he’d been in last year.
　　A. he realized B. he did realizeC. realized heD. did he realize
　　（11湖南）32. Only after they had discussed the matter for several hours_____a dicision.
　　A.they reached B. did they reach C. they reachD. do they reach
　　这两题考查only修饰状语从句放在句首，主句要用部分倒装。答案分别是：D、B。
　　（五）as（虽然、尽管）引导的让步状语从句， 必须把所强调的信息放在句首。其结构为：名词（省略冠词）∕形容词∕分词∕副词∕动词原形+as+主语+谓语。例如：
　　1. Child as he is, he knows a lot about history.
　　2. Angry as he was, he managed to speak calmly.
　　3. Much as I love the dress, I will not buy it.
　　4. Manage as we might, we could not get out of the difficulty.
　　注意：though引导的让步状语从句既可用倒装（和as用法一样），也可不用,上面的例句可换成though。although 引导的让步状语从句不能倒装。
　　（09 重庆）33. Unsatisfied _____ with the payment, he took the job just to get some work experience.
　　A. though was he B. though he wasC. he was though D. was he though
　　（2011课标卷全国I）22. Try ____she might, Sue couldn’t get the door open.
　　A.if B. when C. sinceD. as
　　33题是though引导的让步状语从句，可用倒装句式：Unsatisfied though∕as he was with the payment, ...也可用正常语序。22题是as引导的让步状语从句。答案：B、D。
　　
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总之，倒装句型是英语中的重要句型，同学们在学习中要掌握好各种句型的基本结构，并能够灵活应用。同时，倒装也是英语中的一个重要的修辞手段，倒装句的使用能够丰富我们的语言表达，使句子更形象、更生动。在英语作文中恰当的使用倒装句，一定会使你的文章增色不少，从而提高作文分数。
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