定语从句是高中阶段的一项重要语法项目,也是一个难点。将其归纳,简要称之为“六用三不用”,详解如下。
that引导定语从句时,既可以指人又可以指物,在定语从句中作主语、谓语动词的宾语或系动词的表语,但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。注意:that在定语从句中作宾语时可以省略。如:
The lette that I received yesterday was from my father. 我昨天收到的那封信是我父亲来的。(that 指The letter,在从句中作宾语,可以省略)
All the apples that fall down are eaten by the pigs. 掉下来的所有的苹果都被猪吃了。(that 指All the apples,在从句中作主语,不能省略)
The young lady that wears a blue blouse is a singer. 穿蓝色上衣的那位女士是一位歌唱家。(that 指 The young lady,在从句中作主语,不能省略,且可用who来替换)
请看其特殊用法:“六用三不用”。
六用:
(1)先行词为all, everything, anything, nothing, something(也可which),few, little, much等或先行词被all, every, any, no, little, much修饰时。如:
All that can be done has been done. 所有能做的事都已经做了。
Is there anything that I can do for you? 有什么需要我做的吗?
There is not much that can be done. 没有什么可做的了。
You can take any book that you like. 你可以拿你喜欢的任何一本书。
I have read all the novels that you gave me. 你给我的小说我都看完了。
(2)先行词为形容词最高级或先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。如:
His article is the best that has ever been written on the subject. 他的文章是有关这一题目的最好的。
This is the best book that I have ever read. 这是我所读过的最好的书。
(3)先行词为序数词或先行词被序数词修饰时。如:
This is the first time that I heard of it. 这是我 论文检测天使-免费论文检测软件http://www.jiancetianshi.com
第一次听说此事。
The last place that we visited was the Great Wall. 我们参观的最后一个地方是长城。
(4)先行词被the only, the very, the right等修饰时。如:
This is the very watch that I lost the other day. 这就是我那天丢的那块表。
注:以上(2)(3)(4)若先行词指人时,也可用who, whom,但常用that。如:
He was the first that / who was there. 他是 论文检测天使-免费论文检测软件http://www.jiancetianshi.com
第一个到达那里的人。
You are the only person that / who can help me. 你是唯一能帮我的人。
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr /> (5)先行词包括人和物两者时。如:
They talked about things and persons that they remembered in the school.他们谈论了他们记得的在学校里的人和事。
He talked happily of the men and the books that interested him. 他高兴地谈到了他感兴趣的人和书。
(6)当主句是以who或which开头的特殊疑问句时。如:
Who is the person that is standing at the gate? 站在大门口的那个人是谁?
Which of us that knows something about physics does not know this? 我们凡是了解物理的有谁不知道这个呢?
三不用:
(1)先行词是用-one或-body构成的复合不定代词时,不能用that,而用who, whom。如:
Is there anybody else who should be invited? 还该邀请谁?
(2)关系代词前有介词时,不能用that,而用which, whom。如:
Here is the car about which I told you. 这就是我跟你说起的那辆车。
Who is the man with whom you just shook hands? 你刚才跟他握手的那个人是谁?
(3)在非限制性定语从句中,不能用that,而用who, whom, which。如:
I have lost my pen, which I like very much. 我很喜欢我的钢笔,但它丢了。
I have two sisters, who are both students. 我有两个妹妹,她们都是学生。
Exercises:
1. That was the last happiest evening______Mathilde had had for the last ten years.
A. which B. on which C. when D. that
2. Who is the man______is now speaking at the meeting?
A. who B. whom C. that D. the one
3. He is not the man _____he used to be.
A. what B. that C. which D. as
4. She was so angry at everything_____he did _____she went out.
A. that; that B. what; that C. what; as D. that; which
5. The professor talked about the famous writers and novels_____have far-reaching effects on modern American literature.
A. who B. which C. that D. whom
Key: D C B A C
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />
相关文章:
浅谈英语教学中朗读与背诵习惯的培养04-26
《呼啸山庄》与龚氏文论思想04-26
九月的虹桥--谈初高中英语的过渡04-26
浅析孙犁的中篇小说《铁木前传》04-26
关于一幕注定的人生悲剧——浅析张爱玲小说《色·戒》04-26
论“像市民一样生活,像上帝一样思考”04-26
浅谈中西方浪漫主义文学中的理想问题04-26
四面楚歌、腹背受敌04-26
郁达夫小说中的境象迁移及其原因04-26