一、 祈使句中的动词受限制
一般地讲大部分动词都能用于祈使句,但下列这几类却不能。
1、非人称作主语的动词:如rain (下雨),snow (下雪),freeze (结冰),happen(发生),etc. 例如:
Work harder! (Right)
Rain harder! (Wrong)
2、非施动态的静态动词:如:know (知道),have (有),sound(听起来),see(看见),hear(听见),seem(好像),belong to(属于),own(拥有),ect。例如:
Learn the language.(Right)
Know the language.(wrong)
3、助动词和半助词:如:have,can,could,used to,ought to,be gonging to be to,be about to,happen to,ect. 例如:
Stop talking!(right)
Must stop talking!(wrong)
但助动词do和be 可以用于祈使句,如:
Do come here at seven o’clock!(用于强调)
Don’t read after me!(结构否定祈使句)
Be preparing the dinner when he comes in. ( 构成祈使句的进行式 )
Be prepared.(构成祈使句的被动式)
4、 非限定动词。例如:
Hurry up!(right)
Hurrying up! (wrong)
Hurried up! (wrong)
To hurry up! (wrong)
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二、be+形容词,这类祈使句中的形容词受限制
能用于这类祈使句的形容词必须具有动态形容词,像tall,thin,big等静态形容词是不能用于这类祈使句的。例如:
Be careful. (right)
Be tall.(wrong)
keep+形容词也可构成祈使句。
如:
Keep quiet(silent,dry,clean,ect)
三、祈使句的时态受限制
祈使句只有现在时,没有过去时,也没有完成时,只有在非常罕见的情况下才使用进行时和被动式。下面举几例仅供大家参考:
1.Don’t be standing in the rain.
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr /> 2.Be seated.
3.Get washed.
四、祈使句的语气(这里指的是说话的语气而不是语法上的语气)受限制
祈使句的语气听起来往往很生硬,即使在句首或句尾加上please,其委婉程度也仍然有限。要想使祈使句的语气彻底变得委婉和礼貌,那只有将祈使句改成问句或陈述句。常见有下列几种改法:
1. 在祈使句的句首或句尾加上:will you,won’t you,would you,can you,couldn’t you,如:
Come here,will you?
Will you come here?
2. 在祈使句前加上:Do you mind… Would you mind…如:
Do you mind opening the door?
Would you mind opening the door?
3.在祈使句前加上:I wonder if you would kindly….I wonder whether you would kind…如:
I wonder if you would kindly say it in English.
I wonder whether you would kind saying it in English.
当祈使句带主语时,就不能与please连用。如:可以说Be quiet,please. 或Please be quiet. 但不说Please,you be quiet. 或You be quiet, please.
五、用于祈使句前的副词有限制
常用语祈使句前的副词只有有限的几个,他们是:just,kindly,always,never,merely,simply,now,例如:
Just listen to her!
Always remember to smile.
另外,像actually,really,definitely,gladly,graciously等也可以用于祈使句前,例如:
Definitely buy one now.
Gladly reveal what you know.
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