首先,状语从句的概念。能起副词作用的从句叫做副词从句。由于副词的主要作用是充当句子的状语,所以也叫作状语从句(Adverbial clause)。主要的状语从句根据语义关系分为13种:时间状语从句(clause of time);地点状语从句(clause of place);原因状语从句(clause of reason);目的状语从句(clause of purpose);结果状语从句(clause of result);程度状语从句(clause of degree);条件状语从句(clause of condition);方式状语从句(clause of manner);让步状语从句(clause of concession);比较状语从句(clause of comparing)。
目前,在高考中每年有不同的状语从句会在高考试题中出现,我们可以从中看到状语从句的考点还是比较多的。例如:
1._____ he comes, we won’t be able to go.
A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even
2.The horse is getting old and can run_____ it did.
A. as faster as B. so fast than
C. so faster as D. as fast as
3. She told us_____ story that we all forget about the time.
A. such an interesting B. such interesting
C. so an interesting D. a so interesting
4. This year they have produced_____ grain____ they did last year.
A. as less as B. as few as
C. less than D. fewer than
5. I hurried____ I wouldn’t be late for class.
A. since B. so that C. as if D. unless
6. _____ the day went on, the weather got worse.
A. With B. Since C. While D. As
7. ______she is young, she knows quite a lot.
A. When B. However C. Although D. Unless
8. Although he is considered a great writer, ______.
A. his works are not widely read
B. but his works are not widely read
C. however his works are not widely read
D. still his works are not widely read
9, Go and get your coat. It’s_____ you left it.
A. there B. where C. there where D. where there
10. ---What was the party like?
---Wonderful. It’s years____ I enjoyed myself so much.
A. after B. before C. when D. since
11.---Can I join your club, dad?
---You can when you____ a bit older.
A. get B. will get C. are getting D. will have got
12.--- I didn’t see your sister at the meeting.
---If she______, she would have met my brother.
A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come
13. Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially ___ father was away in France.
A. as B. that C. during D. if
14.She thought I was talking about her daughter,______, in fact, I was talking about my daughter.
A. whom B. where C. which D. while
答案是:1---5: B D A C B 6---10: D C A B D
11---14: A D AD
从中我们可以看到状语从句考查的次数和范围都是比较广泛的,如下面例句的解释可以更好地帮助我们学习和掌握状语从句。例如:
1, John plays football____, if not better than David.
A. as well B, as well as C. so well D. so well as
答案:B。
此题关键在于能否辨认出句中的状语从句。If not better than为more…than的比较结构,插入成分。根据句意,空白处as…as比较结构意为“如果不是比大卫踢得好,也与他踢得一样好”,故选B。
否定句才用so…as结构,the more…, the more…等词引导,比较从句部分常是省略句。如:
I know you better than he does.
The more we can do for others,the happier we will be.
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr /> 2. ______, mother will wait for him to have dinner together.
A. However late is he B. However he is late
C. However D. However late he is
答案:D
However修饰形容词或副词相当于no matter how,如However rich she is, she always feels sad.=No matter how rich she is, she always feels sad.
3. We’ll have to finish the job, ______.
A. long it takes however B. it takes however long
C. long however it takes D. however long it takes
答案:D
本题考查程度副词however引导状语从句的用法。However=(to whatever degree)“不管到什么程度”,引导的状语从句中however所强调的形容词或副词应紧随其后。如:However hungry Jane is, she goes on working.
However还可以修饰动词。However you travel, it will take you at least three days.
疑问词+ever构成的复合词用法如下:
(1)引导名词性从句,还可以引导让步状语从句。
No matter what happens, you don’t lose heart.= Whatever happens, you don’t lose heart.
(2)whenever引导时间状语从句,Wherever引导地点状语从句。
You may leave whenever=(at any time) you want to.
Whenever=No matter when it happened, it was certainly not yesterday.
You have time to go wherever you like(wherever=to any place).
Wherever he went, he exchanged experiments with people.(wherever=no matter where)
注意:引导让步状语从句时,疑问词+ ever=no matter +疑问词,但在名词性从句中不可以互换,一般只用疑问词+ever结构。
4. The new secretary is supposed to report to the manager as soon as she______.
A. will arrive B. arrives
C. is going to arrives D. is arriving
答案;B
在as soon as,if unless,before,until,the moment及no matter+疑问词、疑问词+ever等引导的时间、条件和让步状语从句中,用一般现在时表示将来时,一般过去时表示过去将来时,现在完成时表示将来完成时,过去完成时表示过去将来完成时。如:
I won’t go out unless my work has been done.
I’ll go to the theatre tomorrow if I have time .
5.Mother was worried because little Alice was ill, especially _____ father was away in France.
A. as B. that C. during D. if
答案:A
该题考查状语从句,根据上下句的结构判断这是一个状语从句。句中说明mother着急的两个原因。B、D不合题意,故选A。
As引导的是原因状语从句,因为as,because, since都引导原因状语从句,但不同于表示直接原因或者理由的because,其重点在从句中,一般用来回答why问句,语气最强。如:
Why are you late? Because I missed the bus.
再如:She was absent today because she was ill.
As表示的原因十分明显,多说明因果关系,重点在主句上,语气较弱。
如:As it is raining heavily, we shall not go to the park.
As the moon is nearer to us, it looks bigger.
As位置可放在句首,也可以放在句末。
Since表示对方已知的、无须加以说明的既成事实的理由,全句中心在主句,语气比because弱。如Since you can’t go there, I’ll go late.
另外for也可作并列连词(不用于句首,较because正式,少用于口语中,但语气比because弱)。
The day breaks, for the birds are singing.
For常表示一种推理或解释,或附加的说明,而不是指理由和原因。如:We must get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to errors.
“for”表示因果关系时,可用because代替,但for前须用逗号,而because不必用逗号。
You couldn’t have been there because it wasn’t there five years ago.
You couldn’t have been there, for it wasn’t there five years ago.
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综上所述,我们现在已经了解了状语从句在高考中是出现频率比较多的一类题目,因而在英语教学中我们应当注意状语从句的教学和讲解,让学生由浅入深、由易到难地了解和掌握状语从句,使他们最终能运用自如,达到举一反三的目的。在今后的教学中,我还要注意收集和积累更多的考点来教授给学生,使之更好地为学生服务。
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