新型高考改错题是继新课改以来,为了适应新课改的改革要求,灵活考察高三学生的英语语言知识水平,测试学生对语言词汇、语言习惯、固定搭配、惯有句型以及语法、整篇大意的理解和把握而新设的一道综合测试题。这道新题型的特点具有起点高、开放性、灵活性强等特点,对高三学生的英语综合知识水平是一道较好的效度较高的测试题。
那么,新型高考英语改错题到底有啥新变化以及新特点呢?首先我们来看看2009年海南、宁夏高考英语改错题:短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文,请你修改你同学写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号( ),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(/)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Mrs. Winthorp,
So my first week at college is over! No lectures this morning so I think I’d email you and let you know what things are going.
I’m glad to say that anything has worked out fine in the dorm. I remember asking for a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they find me a comfortable one on second floor. There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend with them so they we can help each other on the course work. Everyone else seems very nice and warmly here.
Well, I had better to stop now. I’m going to attend mine first lesson this afternoon, for I’ve got some preparation to make, Keep in touch.
Best,
Carol
和过去的高考英语改错题相比较,新旧题型特点如下:
1.旧题型要求在固定行中找出语言或语言错误,而新题型则要求在整篇中找出错误。
2.旧题型10行中可能有一处正确或全错,而新题型则在文章中有10处错误。
3.旧题型相对死板,新题型则相对灵活。
4.旧题型相对固定墨守成规和拘束,新题型相对新颖而开放。
5.旧题型相对起点低,模式死板;新题型相对起点高,难度加大,测试效度更强。
那么,对于新题型的变化,学生应该如何应对呢?下面我们来重点谈谈新型英语改错题的解题技巧:
在看新型高考英语改错题的解题技巧之前,先看2009年海南、宁夏英语卷改错题参考答案。从答案中可以发现一些规律:
Dear Mrs. Winthrop,
So my first week at college is over! No lectures this morning so I think I’d email you and let you know what (how) things are going.
I’m glad to say that anything (everything)has worked out fine in the dorm. I remember asking for a room as far away from the lifts as possible and they find(found)me a comfortable one on (the)second floor.
There are two girls from my course here and I plan to make friend (friends)with them so that we can help each other on(with) the course work. Everyone else seems very nice and warmly(warm)here.
Well, I had better to stop now. I’m going to attend mine (my)first lesson this afternoon, for (so)I’ve got to(去掉) some preparation to make, Keep in touch.
Best,
Carol
通过答案,可以判断分析如下:
错误1错词,连词错误what改为how,考察的是连接词的用法及理解,意义错误。
错误2错词,代词错误anything改为everything考察的是代词的用法,用法错误。
错误3错词,动词错误find 应该改为过去式 found,时态错误。
错误4缺词,冠词错误 在on 和second 之间加定冠词the。
错误5 错词,名词错误,应把friend 改为friends。
错误6 错词,介词错误,属于固定搭配错误,on 改为 with。
错误7 错词,副词错误,应该把 warmly 改为 warm。
错误8 多词 动词不定式错误,应该把to 去掉,多余。
错误9 错词,代词错误,应该把mine 改为my。
错误10错词,连词错误,应该把for 改为 so,属于意义用错。
从以上错误分布来看,一般在整个短文中,大多属于词语用错,或语法或意义,或固定搭配、句型以及句式错误,部分属于多词或缺词。一般错误的项目分布大多有名词、代词、动词、介词、冠词、连词、形容词和副词、非谓语动词以及情态动词等。
那么学生应该怎样去做这道题呢?
一般来说,应该遵循以下几个方面:
1.先通读短文,从整体上把握短文的大意,确定它是什么题材。如果是记叙文,比如故事日记,时态大多以过去时为主;如果是说明文,比如科普文章,时态大多以现在时为主;如果是书信、议论文,时态多夹杂现在时和过去时。先从整体上做好把握,再逐段、逐行分析。
2.整体通读之后,然后逐段、逐行先意义、后语法来分析。切记首先要意义通顺,然后才观察有无语法错误。
3.在分析时,可在浏览的基础上,根据自己的语言知识,灵活地判断有没有意义出错,有没有句型用错,有没有固定搭配、习惯用法以及大的语法错误。在分析时,可重点注意从句式、以及词类在语法、惯用法、意义上是否出错。
4.特别注意应把握先意义,后语法的原则。
5.改完之后,通读全文,再大致根据自己改过的类别范围订正或找出未改的,订正检查。
具体地说,在浏览完体裁、大意、语法之后,特别注意下列情况手否重点出错,着手改正:
一、句式错误
句式错误主要是不是符合句子结构,比如在一个句子中同时出现两个或两个以上的主语、谓语而没有任何连接词。这个错误都是比较典型的错:比如:
1.She sat in the lonely corner, think about something silently.句式错误,句中同时出现两个谓语,应该将第二个谓语改为伴随状语 thinking。
2.The angel then turned to the third man, ∧threw up his hands in fear.(NMET2009四川卷) 句式错误。同时出现两个谓语动词。应该在第二个动词threw 前加who,使之成为非限制定语从句。
3.Comrade Lei feng did lots of good deeds, ∧ set a very good example to us young people all over China.句式错误,句中同时出现两个谓语动词没有连接词,应该在set前加连词and 表示顺承,成为并列谓语。
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二、词法错误
词法错误主要集中在不同类别的 词在习惯用法和意义上出现 错误。一般情况,应注意 一下下列各类词是否有误:
1.看名词是否有错
名词一般集中于可数名词是否变化出错,不可数名次随意加复述,固定搭配中的名词有错等。比如:
a.I’ll get good marks in all my subject. (NMET2001)subjects可数名词无变化。
b. I had no difficulties in finding her houses as I had her address. difficulty固定搭配出错,不可数名词无需加s。
2.代词
代词的错误主要集中在人称代词是否一致、主宾格错误、物主代词的不一致、指示代词的单复数不一致、反身代词的误用、不定代词的意义理解错误等。比如:
a.The smiths did his best to make me feel at home (NMET2001) 改为their物主代词错误。
b.Now someone at home reads instead. (1999NMET)改为everyone/everybody 不定代词错误。
c.I was learning to express me in simple English .(NMET2003 )改为myself,反身代词错误。
d.Although this few words sound simple enough … ( 2004 广东卷)改为these,指示代词错误。
3.动词
动词的错误主要集中在动词的时态不一致,有的是单三,有的是过去时;非谓语动词的用法错误; 动词短语的固定搭配、情态动词、系动词、助动词的错误或缺失多余等。比如:
a.we have a good time talking and laughing. (NMET1996)时态错误,改为had。
b.Books may be keep for four weeks. (NMET1994)语态错误,改为kept。
c.watch TV demands very little effort. (NMET1999)非谓语动词中的动名词错误,改为watching。
d.They ∧ eager to know everything about China.(NMET1996)缺系动词,添加were,缺词。
e.Well, I had better to stop now. (NMET2009海南、宁夏)多词,不定式符号to,去掉to,多余。
4.冠词
冠词一般出现大多都是不定冠词、定冠词的误用、缺少或多余:
a.……my first visit to a American family.冠词错误,a 改为an。
b.We may be one family and live under a same roof.冠词错误,a改为the。
c.There is ∧ public library in every town in Britain.缺冠词,is 后加不定冠词a。
d.Every a few weeks I come to see my friends and chat with them.冠词多余,将a去掉,固定搭配错误。
5.形容词和副词
形容词和副词的错误主要集中在做表语、定语或状语的功能性错误。
a.I am sure we’ll have a wonderfully time together.(NMET 1995 ) 做定语错误,改为wonderful。
b.Unfortunate, I missed the early train, so I was late.做状语错误,改为unfortunately。
6.介词
介词的错误主要是介词的误用以及介词的多余或缺失:
a.Unfortunately, there are too many people among my family. 介词错误 ,误用,改为in。
b.But we do not seem to get much time to talk about together.介词多余,about 去掉。
c.I’m sure you will get rid ∧ the sorrow and unhappiness caused by the disaster.介词缺失,在固定搭配get rid of 短语中缺介词of。
7.连词
连词的出错主要集中在句子的结构性错误,句中没有连接词;或者是连词的意义错误,这主要包括并列连词以及从属连词;同时其他连词,比如说连接词that,连接代词以及连接副词等。
a.we love peace, and we don’t fear war.意义出错,and应该改为but。
b.He says he will come to see me , ∧ then he gives me a smile friendly.句式错误,缺乏连接词 and,在then之前加 and。
c.It was about noon ∧ we arrived at the foot of the mountain.(NMET2002 )缺连词when。
d.She never has enough time for that she wants to do.连词错误,应该将连词that 改为连接代词what。
e.But it didn’t matter that I would win or not.(NMET2000 )连词错误,连词that 应该改为whether。
纵观以上7大类别,都是在改错题中比较容易出现、常考察的类型。所以,一般情况下,在做改错题时,把握上述几点很重要。
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总之,只要注意了上述两个大的方面,在改错时,把握全篇全段,重在意义,然后语法、惯用法的原则,攻克新型改错题就不会是盲目被动、无的放矢了。
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