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第一个语法知识就是定语从句, 并且在必修一的语法知识里,我们接触的都是定语从句, 可见定语从句在高中语法里起着举足轻重的作用。根据几年的教学、观察和思考,我就对定语从句的几个易考点作一些总结和归纳,希望对大家能有所帮助。下面我们就一起来概括一下定语从句的几大考点:
一、that与 which的辨析
1.先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词,用that引导定语从句。
1)Nothing ______ can be done has been done.
2)Do you have anything ______ you don’t understand ?
2.先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时,用that引导定语从句。
1)This is the best TV _______ is made in China.
2)The first museum _______ he visited in China was the History Museum.
3.先行词被any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all, very, only, last 修饰时, 用that引导定语从句。
I’ve read all the books ________ you lent me.
This is the very pen ________ you gave to me before.
4.先行词中既有人又有事物时,用that引导定语从句。
1) The famous writer and his works _____ the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.
2) A victim is a person, animal or thing ______ suffers pain, death, harm, etc.
5.Who做先行词时,用that引导定语从句。
Who _______ you have ever seen can do it better?
6.在介词后面,指事物用which,指人用whom。
1)Her bag ,in ________ she put all her money, has been stolen.
2) This is the ring on ________ she spent 1000 dollars.
3)Xiao Wang ,with ________ I went to the concert, enjoy it very much.
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二、如何判断介词
1.看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配,但需注意的是:如果动词短语不能拆开,那么介词就不能提前了。
1)This is the book for which you asked.
2)The old man whom I am looking after is better.
2.看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配。
He referred me to some reference books with which I am not very familiar.
3.根据先行词判断,所用的介词与先行词搭配。
This is our classroom, in the front of which there is a teacher’s desk.
三、whose的用法
whose引导的定语从句表示所属关系。
1.The river _________ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.
2.There are in this class 20 students, ______ are different.
A. whose backgrounds
B. The backgrounds of whom
C. of whom the backgrounds
D. the backgrounds of whose
Answers: 1.whose 2.ABC
四、as的用法
1.定语从句在句首时只能用as, as 具有正如之意,与之搭配的动词一般是固定的。
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr /> 1)The earth is round,___ we all know.
2)___ is known to all, the earth is round.
3)___ is known to all that the earth is round.
Answers:as, As, It.
2.先行词由such, so, the same所修饰时,关系代词常用as。
1)This is such an interesting book ____ we all like.
This is so interesting a book _____ we all like.
请比较下面两个句子:
2)This is such an interesting book that we all like it.
This is so interesting a book that we all like it.
温馨提示: as引导的是两个定语从句,而that引导的是两个结果状语从句。两组句子的翻译分别是:
1)这是大家都喜欢的如此有趣的一本书。
2)这本书如此有趣,大家都喜欢。
3)注意as和that的差别。
This is the same book as I lost. 这本书和我丢的那本一模一样。
This is the same book that I lost. 这本书就是我丢的那本。
3.as引导定语从句可放在句首,句中,句末,而which 引导定语从句不能放在句首。as译为正如,好像,which 则没有此义。
1) It is very useful to master a foreign language, _____ has been said before.
2) _____ everyone hoped, Mary has won the first prize.
Answers: 1)which 2)As
五、when, where, why 与that, which 的区分
1.I’ll never forget the day _________ we first met in the park.
2.I’ll never forget the time ________________ I spent with you.
3.I’ll never forget the time _____________ was spent with you.
4.This is the museum _______________I visited last year.
5.This is the reason ___________ ( = for which ) I didn’t come here.
6.The reason __________ she gave was not true.
Answers: 1.when 2.(which/that) 3.that/which 4.(that/which) 5.why 6.(that/which)
温馨提示:指时间、地点或原因的先行词在定语从句中作主语或宾语,用which或that引导定语从句。
六、定语从句中的主谓一致
1.He is the only one in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise.
2.He is one of the students in his class who _______ (have) got the teacher’s praise.
Answers: 1.has 2.have
温馨提示: 关系代词在定语从句中做主语时,谓语动词的数取决于先行词。
七、that和why 不能引导非限制性定语从句, 另外只有在非限制性定语从句中, 先行词可以是一个句子(通常就是这个句子的主句)。如:
He missed the show, which was a great pity.
以上几点都是大家在学习定语从句时,感到比较困惑和棘手的地方,同时也是高考中的一些易考点,通过以上学习,我相信大家一定能够轻松应付高考中的定语从句。
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />
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