近几年来,定语从句考点在中考试题中所占比率越来越高,然而有很多学生在学习这一语言知识时感到十分吃力,也有部分教师觉得定语从句教学非常头疼,收效甚微。为了有效突破这一重难点,本人在多年的教学实践中积累了不少巧学、乐教的经验,探索了一些切实可行、灵活多样的教学方法,现将定语从句教学中有关的注意事项简要概述如下:
一、“一关”两个基本
关系代词that、who、 whom、 whose、 which在定语从句中所指对像是人(物),在从句中作主语、宾语、介词定语或定语,也叫限定性定语从句,定语从句须放在关系词之后,其结构为:先行词(主句)+关系词+从句。
指代对象 人 物 人+物 是否省略
主 格 who/that which/that that 不
宾 格 who/whom/that which/that that 可省
所有格 whose whose/of which 不
1.who、whom 基本指人。
Eg.The man who/that spoke at the meeting yesterday is a famous scientist.(作主语不省)
The famous singer(who/whom/that)he met last weekend is Han Hong.(作宾语可省)
2. that 基本指物,有时也指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。指物时,其用法和which相似。
I’ve read the complete newsletter/essay that/which he wrote last month.
我看过了他上周写的那篇完整的实时通讯。(先行词指物作宾语)
Do you know who is the girl that got the first prize in the English Olympic Competition last month in our class?你知道我们班上月获得英语奥林匹克竞赛冠军的那个姑娘是谁吗?
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二、“二关”六大聚焦(先行词指人作主语)
that 和which 都指物时常通用,但在下列情况下用that 不用which。
聚焦一:先行词为all、few、much、none、the one、everything、something、anything、little、somebody、anybody、nobody、no one、someone、each等不定代词时。
Eg. All that we have to do is to practice speaking English in and out of class.
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr /> 聚焦二:现行词被序数词 first、second和 the only、the very、the sane、the last 等词修饰时及含形容词最高级时。
Eg.He was the only student that got full marks in the end exam in our class.
聚焦三:先行词既有人又有物时。
They spoke highly of the teachers and schools that they had visited.
聚焦四:介词+whom引导的定语从句中,whom不用who或that替代。
Eg. I wonder the headmaster whom you talked to just now.
聚焦五:在定语从句中,有that 引导的从句有介词或副词,将介词或副词提到关系代词或副词前面。用which,不用that。
Eg.This is the question about which we have had so much discussion.
聚焦六:含有两个定语从句时,其中一个关系词已用,另一个则用that。
Eg. Edison built up the factory which produced the things that had never seen before.
三、“三关”四个突破
对于when、where、why作关系副词引导的定语从句:
突破一:when代替at/in/on/during which在从句中做时间状语。
Eg.Tell me time when/at which the train leaves.
突破二:where代替at/in/to which在从句中作地点状语。
Eg. What’s the name of the town where(in which) we stayed last week?
突破三:where有时作关系副词,常用在from where等“介词短语+从句”中。
Eg.His head soon appeared out of the window from where(=from which),he could see nothing beautiful but cenery.
突破四:why代替for which引导从句用作reason的宾语。
Eg.I don’t know the reason why(=for which) she failed the chemistry exam.
在口语中,why可用that代替或省略。
That’s the reason why/that she wanted to buy the souvenir for her cousin.
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />
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