高三英语“书面表达”是学生既容易得分,也容易丢分的一道高分题(25分)。是学生既爱又怕的题目。爱的是,只要根据自己现有的水平,就可以把这道题完成得非常好,拿个高分;怕的是,一旦稍有离题,或出现句子错误,丢分也很容易。我国目前的英语教学中,写作训练相对薄弱,学生怕写,存在着“学生说到写作心烦,教师见到学生习作头痛”的现象。针对以上情况,现在笔者对以下方面进行探索。
一、高三学生的书面表达存在的问题
1.汉语式英语普遍
有些学生的作文整篇都是汉式英语,如:I very like football.He is a come from Beijing student.甚至有些英语基础好的学生也会时而写出像There are many people think we should protect the animals的句子。
2.句子简单单调
比如有些学生写介绍自己的作文:I’m Li Hua. I’m 18 years old. I go to No. 1 Middle School. I like sports.
3.词汇缺乏
有的学生连常用的单词都不会拼写。如:beatiful(beautiful),exerse(exercise),builded(built),waitting(waiting)等。有的学生找不到恰当的词来表达意思,就用拼音代替,有的学生不管英语词汇的用法,只要其汉语意思相同就用上,如:I took three hours to finish it.
4.不会用多种词汇和句型表达同一意思
例如:some people think that…, other people think that…, I think that…再如:50% like to read. 30% like to watch TV. 20% like to listen to music.其实,表达“观点”和“喜欢”的句型有很多种:in my opinion, I hold the opinion that…, I support the idea that…, I’m for/in favor of the opinion, like, enjoy, be interested in, be fond of, prefer等。
5.刻意追求复杂句式
有些学生则走向另一极端,一味追求复杂句式,他们写的作文从头到尾都是长句和复合句,叫人喘不过气来。
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二、高考对高三学生书面表达能力的要求
1.高考大纲要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。考生应能:(1)准确使用语法和词汇;(2)使用一定的句型、词汇,清楚、连贯地表达自己的意思。
2.新课程标准对写的七级要求是:(1)能用文字及图表提示信息并进行简单描述;(2)能写出常用体裁的应用文;(3)能描述人物或事件,并进行简单的评论;(4)能填写有关个人情况的表格;(5)能以小组形式根据课文改编短剧。
3.高考英语书面表达的评分标准第五档的给分范围和要求:完全完成了试题规定的任务。 覆盖所有主要内容;应用了较多的语法结构和词汇;语法结构或词汇方面有些许错误,但为尽力使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致;有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑;完全达到了预期的写作目的。有较强的语言运用能力。
三、有效方法
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第一,写出一篇好的文章,首先就要写好句子。
1)熟悉并掌握形成完整句子的基本框架结构,单词、语法是学习、掌握和运用语言的基础,然而只靠它们拼凑句子是远远不够的,耗时费力不说,拼凑出来的也多是汉语式的英语,很不地道。因此,考生平时必须牢记所学过的“固定搭配”及“词组句型”,并会活用。写句子要注意以下几点:
主谓要一致;
正确使用动词的时态、语态、语气;
名词的格要与代词的格一致;
句子结构成分完整,特别注意不要漏掉或添加成分。
2)一个句子一个重心,句意清楚,合乎逻辑。
3)句子开头首字母要大字,句末要使用正确的英语标点符号。
第二,组句成文。
一般说来,文章可以通过句子的进展和句子之间的各种结合来构成。熟悉并掌握表示并列、递进、转折等关系的过渡词(transitional words)。适当的过渡语使句子更美。
学生应掌握如下过渡性词语:
1)表示罗列增加:besides / what’s more/ in addition / furthermore/ moreover /especially/ In particular,
2)表示解释说明:in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, in fact, actually
3)表示时间顺序 ,at present, recently, after a while, at first, to begin with, all of a sudden, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile
4)表示转折关系 ,however, while, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, despite, in spite of, except (for), after all
5)表示条件关系,as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless
6)表示因果关系, now that, thanks to..., due to..., therefore, as a result (of)
7)表示让步关系, as, even if, even though, whether ...or...
8)表示强调,indeed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all,
9)表示概括归纳, in a word, in short, in brief, generally speaking, as far as I know, As we know, as has been stated,as I have shown, As far as I am concerned,in summary。
一篇好的文章应该是:
1.覆盖了所有的要点;
2.应用了较多的语法结构和词汇
3.有效地使用了语句间的连接成分,使全文结构紧凑
就第2、3点来看,如何使用复杂结构和高级词汇,我来谈以下几点想法,仅供参考:
1.改变时态
The bell is ringing now.(一般)
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr /> There goes the bell.(高级)
2.改变语态
People suggest that the conference be put off.(一般)
It is suggested that the conference be put off.(高级)
3.使用不定式
He is so kind that he can help me.(一般)
He so kind as to help me.(高级)
4.使用分词
When she arrives, please give me an e-mail.(一般)= On arriving/his arrival, please give me an email.(高级)
5.使用名词性从句
To his surprise, the little girls knows so many things. ( 一般)
What surprises him most is the little girl knows so many things.(高级)
6.状语从句
If she doesn’t agree, what shall we do?(一般)
Supposing that she doesn’t agree, what shall we do? (高级)
7.使用定语从句
The girl is spoken highly of. Her composition was well written.(一般)
The girl whose composition was well written is spoken highly of. (高级)
8.强调句
Our Ah Fu saved my little sister. (一般)
It was our Ah Fu who(that ) saved my little sister. (高级)
9.倒装句
Though I’m weak, I’ll make the effort.(一般)
Weak as I am, I’ll make the effort. (高级)
10.使用并列句
If you go through the gate, you’ll find the entrance to Bear country.(一般)
Go through the gate, and you’ll find the entrance to Bear Country. (高级)
11.多用书面语, 少用口头语
Because the weather was good, our journey was comfortable.(一般)
Thanks to the good weather, our journey was comfortable. (高级)
书写,从一定程度上来说,也是至关重要的。这一点应该从平时就对学生要求严格,不仅从格式上而且还要从认真程度上严格要求。经过一个学期四线格的训练,学生书写有了很大的变化,这一点绝对含糊不得,否则,就只有内容而没有形式了。如果做到以上几点,25分的作文就可以得20左右了。仅以此文抛砖引玉,希望可以对大家有所帮助。
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