论初中英语定语从句公因式提取法

        定语从句在初中英语教学中最为常见，使用也非常广泛。学生在做选择填空；阅读英语文章时经常会遇到定语从句，尤其是初三下学期及初四课文中和阅读材料中。部分学生由于对定语从句不理解以致于在阅读英语短文时看不懂，难以透彻地理解文章和具体语境。因而在考试中失去了不该失去的分数。
        笔者在十多年的实际教学中，不断的反思，运用不同的方法进行尝试，总结了一些能更好地让学生理解定语从句并正确使用定语从句的方法：这就是：用定语从句将两句合并成复合句。在合并定语从句时我们可以用做数学因式分解题的方法：提前公因式。
        1．复合句 
        任何从句在口语或书面语中都不能独立成句，因为它是充当另外一个句  子（即主句）的某一句子成分的，和主句一起构成主从复合句。所以，合并定语从句最基本的条件是二句合一。
        2．合并条件：人物先行在句一，又占句二一席地
        也就是说，如果某一个人或事物在 论文检测天使-免费论文检测软件http://www.jiancetianshi.com
第一个句子中出现，又以它含义上的名词、代词、形容词或副词形式在第二个句子中出现，具备这样的条件，我们就可以把两个句子合并成含有定语从句的复合句。
        3．举例说明
        1、She is the girl. she got the first prize.
        两句中共有的部分：she 我们将第二句中的she 换成为关系词因指人，所以我们可以用关系词：who 或 that,就得到了下面的句子：
        She is the girl who/that got the first prize.
        2、The story is The Rescue《营救》.I read it 
        两句中共同所指是：story 和 it .我们将第二句中的代词it换成关系词因指物，故用that或which，两句合并就成了下面句子：
        The story that /which I read is The Rescue.
        3、There is a boy in our class. His name is Liyong.
        两句中a boy 和 his 同指一人。因第二句中his是以形容词性物主代词形式出现，故我们把她换成表定语的关系词whose.就得到了下面的句子：
        There is a boy whose name is Liyong in our class.
        4、This is the room.  we live in it last year.
        两句中room 和 it 所指相同，故将第二句中的it换成关系词因指物用which.介词in 提前就成了下面的句子：
        This is the room in which we live last year.
        注意：本句中关系词还可使用关系副词where,因where 本身就包含“在哪里，去哪里”故介词in去掉。 
        This is the room where we live last year.
        5、I will never forget the days .I lived and studied with my classmates at college in the days . 
        两句中都有days，符合合并条件，保留先行词（the days），舍去介词宾语（the days）, 注意：介词后置——常用引导词（that）来代替或省略；介词前置——常用（which）来代替; 舍去时间状语（in the days）, 用引导词（when）来代替, 于是得：①. I will never forget the days that I lived and studied with my classmates at college in. ②.I will never forget the days in which I lived and studied with my classmates at college.③. I will never forget the days when I lived and studied with my classmates at college .

　　[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />        通过上述合并举例我们可以看出：先行词和引导词在含义上是互指的，我们可以采用留、舍、替的方法来合并定语从句。需要注意的是：当引导词作定语从句的主语时，因先行词与引导词在含以上互指，所以定语从句谓语动词的形式应与先行词的人称和数保持一致；当引导词不作定语从句的主语时，从句谓语动词的形式与直接的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
        例1.They are the students who are from Class Two.
        例2. They are the students who the teacher likes best.
        4．实践练习 ，提升能力
        ⑴I have a book .the book was written by Luxun.
        ⑵The photo is over there. You like the photo.
        ⑶Do you know the man? The teacher is talking to him.
        ⑷The girl is my sister. Her hair is very long.
        ⑸The mountain is very beautiful.   We climbed the mountain last year.
        ⑹They did not think the pliceman was wrong. The pliceman caught the thief. 
        ⑺This is the factory. My father worked there last year.
        ⑻This is the room. His father used to live there .
        ⑼He can’t forget that year .  he was taken to Beijing. that year.
        ⑽I still remember the day.  I first came to the school.that day.
　　[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />