英语书面表达高分“七要素”

        书面表达是高考必考题型。要想书面表达获得高分，考生除了要有扎实的英语基本功外，还应努力做到以下几点：
        一、 要点齐全
        要点齐全是指考生的作文要写明全部的内容要点。高考作文评分细则对不同档次的书面表达的内容要点提出了具体要求：一档作文“明显漏掉了主要内容，写了一些无关内容” ；二档作文“漏掉或未描述清楚一些主要内容，写了一些无关内容” ；三档作文“虽漏掉一些内容，但覆盖所有主要内容”；四档作文“虽漏掉一两个次重点，但覆盖所有主要内容”；五档作文“覆盖所有内容要点”。漏写或没有写清要点均要失分。因此，考生要想在英语作文上得高分，必须首先要做到要点齐全。
        为了避免因遗漏要点而失分，考生应在打草稿时围绕中心把要点列出。例如，2009年湖北卷书面表达应包括以下三个要点：1. 指出词语使用不当；2. 解释“无所事事”与“无所不为”的不同含义；3. 鼓励对方。考生应该在次基础上组织成文。
       
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二、 结构合理
        结构合理是指作文的篇章结构要符合事情发展的逻辑顺序，写出的作文要脉络清楚，有层次感。不同题材的作文写法各有不同。议论文应先提出论点，找出论据，进行论证；最好从正反两个方面来论证，以增强说服力。记叙文一般按时间顺序写作，有时也可采用倒叙；记叙文有六大要素，即人物、时间、地点、事件、原因和结果。写作说明文时，往往按一定的顺序进行写作，如空间顺序、时间顺序、逻辑顺序等，由近及远，从表入里，从上到下，通过说明事物的外部特征来揭示事物的本质。
        三、 表达准确
        表达准确是指构成作文的句子正确，无语法错误。书面表达考查考生“准确运用英语的表达能力”，而语法错误会直接影响文章的档次。因此，考生写作文时，应严格遵循英语的表达习惯，在句型、人称、时态及主谓一致等方面要认真，尽可能不犯一些低级错误。
        四、 行文连贯
        在确保表达准确后，考生要注意行文连贯性。“有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文紧凑”是高考书面表达的重要评分依据。考生应在句与句之间、段与段之间恰倒好处地使用一些衔接词和过渡语，使文章结构严密，浑然一体，极具说服力和感染力，从而提高文章的得分档次。常用的过渡连接词有：
        1. 表时间顺序：while，when，then，first，at once ，next，after，meanwhile，since then 等。
        2. 表文章组织结构：firstly，in the first place，secondly， thirdly，last/finally， for example，such as，in other words， that is to say，however，on the contrary，what’ more，besides， in addition ，moreover等。
        3. 表作者观点、态度：in my opinion，to tell the truth，personally，in my view，as far as I’m concerned等。
        五、 句式多变
        学会使用经典句型是做好书面表达的关键。考生既要注意使用最常见的五种句型：1.主语+谓语；2.主语+谓语+宾语；3.主语+连系动词+表语；4. 主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语。同时，还要学会灵活运用各种语法和句法结构，使自己的作文“卓尔不群”。 
        感叹句： It’s very important to keep a promise.
        →How important it is to keep a promise!
        强调句型： I lost my phone in the park the other day.
        →It was in the park that I lost my phone the other day.
        倒装句：We seldom know what is happening both at home and abroad.
        →Seldom do we know what is happening both at home and abroad.
        非谓语动词：1.He hurried to the station, but the train had left.
        →He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.

　　[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />       2.She went out, and some students followed her.
        →She went out, followed by some students.
        3. He wrote me a letter and told me what had happened.
        →He wrote me a letter telling me what had happened.
        使用各种从句：1.He came late this morning, and it made the teacher surprised.
        →What surprised the teacher was that he came late this morning.
        2.We are busy all day. Everyone knows that.
        →As everyone knows, we are busy all day.
        六、要有亮点
        一篇高分作文不仅要求表达通顺，无语法错误，而且要技高一筹——使用较高级的词汇和句型。这样可以增加文章亮点，得到较高的分数。
        There is no denying that safety plays an important part in our daily life. Recently our school has carried out a program aimed at making our campus a safe place to stay on.
        I consider this as indeed a good practice, which will keep us aware that safety should always come first in our daily life, whether when we stay at school or outside it. When we are doing sports, we should attach importance to the safety and avoid being hurt. Furthermore, when we get into trouble with our classmates,we should remain calm and avoid any form of fighting, which may only bring suffering and pain to us mentally and physically.
        As far as I’m concerned, I feel all the students and teachers should work hard and creatively to keep the “safety at school” activity in mind. Besides, we are supposed to observe the law and discipline wherever we are at any moment.
        七、书写工整
        书面表达是主观题，人工阅卷，整洁的卷面、清楚漂亮的书写会给阅卷老师好的印象，从而提高阅卷者的“感情分”。因此，考生要卷面整洁，书写规范，字体工整，字母书写匀称，单词间距适当，大小写、标点符号正确，尽可能把错误降低到最低程度，这样才能确保多拿分或拿高分。
　　[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />