听力的培养是整个外语教学的一部分，它与说读写的能力培养构成了外语教学的整体。听说读写四会能力是中学英语的教学目标，其中听力是这四会能力中最基本的。因为只有首先做到会听，才能使用、说读写紧紧跟上。听力训练与测试在中学英语教学中正越来越受到重视。中学英语教学大纲明确规定：考试、考查既要有笔试，又要有口试与听力测试，总结了英语教学中听力训练与测试方面的一些做法：
一、听录音，写字母，选字母
试题<1>：录音：/ai/ /ai/ /ai/
试题：____________。答案是：Ii
试题<2>：录音：/em/ /em/ /em/
试题：( ) A．Nn．B．Mm C．Ll D．Ff
答案是：B
要求：每个字母的录音播放两次，每次间隔两秒钟。要求学生听完录音后，写出该字母的书写体大小写或将正确答案的代号填入题首的括号里。
本测试法适用初中起始班26个字母的学习阶段。试题<1>可促使学生过好26个字母的音形关，试题<2>可帮助学生分辨一些在读音上易混淆的字母。
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二、听录音，写音标，选音标
试题<1>：录音：/au/ /au/ /au/
试题：________。答案是：/au/
试题<2>：录音：/e/ /e/ /e/
试题：________。A．/e/ B．/？/ Ｃ．/i/ D．/?/
答案是：A．
试题<3>：录音：/ru：m/ /ru：m/ /ru：m/
试题：( )A．/u：m/ B．/nu：n/ C．/ru：m/ D．/?un/
答案是：C．
要求：每个音标的录音播放两次，每次间隔两秒钟。要求学生听后写出正确的音标符号或选出正确答案。
为了帮助学生能正确朗读国际音标，并具有良好的分辨音标的能力和拼音能力，可以采用上述3种试题对学生进行这方面的听力训练与测试。
三、听录音，写单词，选单词
试题(1)：录音：／′ne???n／，／′ne???n／，／′ne???n／
试题： 答案是：nation
试题(2)：录音：／′hi?r?u／, ／′hi?r?u／，／′hi?r?u／
试题：( )A．hello B．hollow C．hall D．hero
答案是：D．
试题(3)：录音：a river made by men
试题：( )A．1ake B．canal C．river D．pond
答案是：B．
要求：每个单词或短语的录音各播放两次，每次间隔两秒钟。要求学生听后写出该单词或选出正确的答案。
学习单词，首要的是掌握一个单词的音和形。试题<1>侧重对单词音形一致的考查。试题<2>是为了帮助学生正确辨别读音相近的单词所设计的。试题<3>要求学生从供选的四个答案中选出一个与所听到的录音内容相符的单词。在这里，学生必须在完全听懂录音的基础上，进行单词及其释义的转换后，才能选出一个正确的答案。
四、听录音，写句子，选句子
试题(1)：录音：He is good at English．
试题：
答案是：He is good at English．
试题(2)：录音：She has a book．
试题：( )A．She has no book．
B．She’s a cook．
C．She has a book．
D．She isn’t a cook．
答案是：C．
试题(3)：录音：Helen wasn’t very hungry.
试题：( )A．Helen wanted a lot to eat.
B．Helen didn’t want much to eat.
C．Helen didn’t want anything to eat.
D．Helen wanted to eat now.
答案是：B．
要求：每题的录音播放3次，每次间隔3秒钟，要求学生听完录音后，写出从录音中所听到句子或根据录音选出正确答案。
教师从试题<l>中可以了解到学生是否听懂了录音中的句子及学生在句子书写格式、标点符号及单词的正确拼写等方面的多种信息。试题<2>旨在测试学生对一组听起来极易混淆的句子的辨析能力。试题<3>要求学生在听懂录音的基础上，首先领会录音中句子的含义，然后从供选的4个句子中选出一个与录音中的句子含义相同，但句型结构完全不同的句子。这种训练与测试要求学生把听力、理解及转换等多种知识和技能有机地结合起来，然后进行综合判断。
五、听录音，写课文，写短文
试题(1)：录音：
0ne afternoon some boys were kept in the classroom after school．The teacher told them to add all the numbers from 1 to 100 together．
All the boys began to write the numbers down except one．He 1ooked out of the window for a few minutes．It didn’t take him long to finish the problem. His answer was right, so he left the classroom much earlier than the other boys．The next day he was asked how he found the answer so quickly．After this，the teacher gave him more difficult work．The boy’s name was Karl F Gauss.
试题：
答案见录音记录。
试题<2>：录音：
Mrs Forbes was very old and very poor．Her neighbours called her Granny Forbes and tried to help her．Some neighbours came in each day and cooked meals for her．Others came and cleaned her room．It was small and dark．There was a bed，a table and two chairs．In winter，neighbours lit a fire for her，but Granny’s room was still very cold．Granny lived a poor life．She died at the age of eighty-four．Then her neighbours got a big surprise．She left 50，000 pounds!
试题：
答案见录音记录。
要求：每篇听力材料的录音播放3次。 论文检测天使-免费论文检测软件http://www.jiancetianshi.com
第一次只听不写，第二次边听边写，第三次检查校对。
在试题<1>中，学生听到一篇已学过的课文的缩写听力材料。在试题<2>中，学生会听到一篇完全陌生的短文听力材料。这种听力材料应是没有生词，结构简单，字数在100个左右。听力材料的长短与语速应根据年级的不同而变化。初中阶段的语速以每分钟60～80词为宜，高中阶段的语速以每分钟100～120词为宜。书写程度初中阶段每分钟是5～7词，高中阶段每分钟10～12词。教师应立足于培养学生整体听的能力，帮助学生养成整体记忆、整体听写的好习惯，不要让学生在听 论文检测天使-免费论文检测软件http://www.jiancetianshi.com
第一遍时就动笔写。因为这样做，不利于培养学生整体听力习惯。
六、听录音，填缺词
试题：录音：
People often regard the hamburger as American food．Though Americans eat more than 53 billion hamburgers a year．The hamburger was not invented by the Americans．Neither did it originate in Hamburg，Germany，as many think．
The story of the hamburger began in Central Asia．It is believed that the Tartar nomads were the first people to ground the meat they ate．They seasoned the ground meat with salt，pepper and onion juice and ate it raw．Hamburg merchants trading in Asia took the recipe back to Germany and the Tartar Steak soon became very popular．Later, some peopIe started to cook the meat and liked the food even better．They called the cooked meat Hamburger．
试题：
People often regard the hamburger as American food． 1 Americans eat more than 2 billion hamburgers a year．the hamburger was not 3 by the Americans．Neither did it originate in Hamburg， 4 ，as many think．
The story of the hamburger began in 5 Asia．It is believed that the Tartar nomads were the 6 people to ground the meat the ate．The seasoned the ground meat with 7 ，pepper and onion juice and ate it 8 ．Hamburg 9 trading in Asia took the recipe back to Germany and the Tartar Steak soon became very 10 ．Later，some people started to cook the meat and liked the food even better．They called the cooked meat Hamburger．
答案是：1．Though；2．53；3．invented；4．Germany；5．Central；6．first；7．salt；8．raw；9．merchants；10．popular
要求：录音播放两次，要求学生在听录音的过程中，根据所学到的内容，在空白处填出所缺的词，每格限填一词。
本测试题设计目的在于考查学生听短文的语感之好坏和整体领会短文能力之高低。学生只有对整段短文的录音具有全面快速的连贯反应，才能正确地填上所缺的单词。
七、听录音，选答案
试题：录音：
Mr Smith was governor of New York State．He was a famous man．He was born very poor on the east side of New York City．He had little education．He worked very hard and won great success．
0ne day，as governor，he was visiting the state prison at Sing Sing．Sing Sing is one of the largest prisons in the United States．The head of the prison asked Mr Smith to say something to the prisoners．Mr Smith had never spoken to this kind of audience before．He did not know how to begin．
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr /> Finally，he said，“My fellow citizens．．．”Then he remembered that when a man goes to prison he is no longer a citizen．He began again．“My fellow prisoners．．．”That did not sound right，so he said，“Well, anyway, I’m glad to see so many of you here today．”
试题：
1．Mr．Smith was born in ．
A．New York City
B．Washington D．C．
C．the East of London
D．the West of London
2．“My fellow citizens”was ont right because ．
A．the prison was not in the United States
B．Mr．Smith was very poor
C．Mr．Smith was not an American citizen
D．a prisoner is no longer a citizen
3．In the story ．
A．the prisoners wanted to sing for the governor
B．Mr Smith wanted the prisoners to vote for him
C．the governor was not familiar with prison audience
D．Mr Smith was no longer a citizen
4．Which is true?
A．Mr Smith was happy to see so many people in prison.
B．The prisoners wanted Mr．Smith to be governor．
C．The governor went to the prison to educate the prisoners．
D．Mr Smith didn’t know how to address the prisoners．
5．Mr Simth succeeded ．
A．thanks to his parents’ help
B．through his own efforts
C．due to his education
D．because or his wisdom．
答案是：(1) A (2) D (3) C (4) D (5)B
要求：录音播放两次。要求学生听完录音后，完成试题中的5个选择题。
本测试题要求学生在正常语速情况下，仔细地听一篇短文的录音。短文应基本上没有生词，字数在100字左右，难度浅于课文。学生只有在听懂并理解的情况下，才能选出正确的答案。
八、听录音，答问题
试题：录音：
Bob：I watched a good movie on TV last night．
Mars：What was it?
Bob：The Roots．Did you watch it?
Mary：No，I didn’t．Our electricity was off．
Bob：No electricity．What did you do?
Mary：Well，we cooked dinner with charcoal．
Bob：Yes，but no TV and radio．Don’t you think it was boring?
Mary：No，actually we liked it．
Bob：You liked it?
Mary：Sure，We talked，and the children played games.
Bob：Hmm．Maybe electricity isn’t necessary.
Mary：One night without electricity is all right．
试题：
①What did the man do last night?
②What’s the name of it?
③Why didn’t the woman watch TV last night?
④How did the woman feel about electricity failure?
⑤What did the woman do last night?
答案是：
① He watched a good movie on TV．
② The Roots.
⑧ Because there was no electricity in her house last night．
④ She thought one night without electricity was all right．
⑤ She cooked dinner and talked with others．
要求：录音播放两次。要求学生听完录音后，用英语对试题作出书面回答。此外，也可以把试卷上的试题录制在录音带上，让学生听完听力材料和要回答的问题后，用英语作出书面回答。
本测试题侧重考查学生的听力能力和书面回答问题的能力。听力材料难度宜浅于课文，字数在100个左右，基本上没有生词。它要求学生在听懂短文录音后，用英语进行书面回答。所要回答的问题一般应是特殊疑问句，当然也可以适当插进一般疑问句。
利用以上这些方法的总的目的是提高学生听力，将听力水平提高到一个更高的层次。
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />
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