一、 教研的需要和背景
国家《英语课程标准》明确指出,基础教育阶段英语课程的总体目标是培养学生的综合语言运用能力;把综合语言运用能力的培养落实在教学过程中;提倡体验、实践、参与、交流和合作的学习方式;从学生的兴趣、生活经验和认知水平出发,在发展学生综合语言运用能力的同时,还应提高学生的实践能力和人文素养,并感受成功。因此,我校在初三后半学期的复习当中,积极响应市教研室提出的在课堂教学中加强阅读教学,培养阅读能力。但是在实际教学中部分教师为了应付阶段考试,对学生的学习能力认知不足,仍旧采取传统的“满堂灌”或题海战术,结果教师教得很累,学生学得无趣,事倍功半,成绩不尽人意。学生急,教师更急。在这最后三个月里,如何让学生的阅读能力在宝贵的课堂教学中得到强化,不仅可以弥补以前教学中的不足 ,又可提高中考成绩,更重要的是为他们适应高中阅读学习打下坚实的能力基础。每年面临初三,老师们都在这样思考。带着这样的探究心情,全市一百多位初三英语教师在市教研室的组织安排下,在我校多功能厅听了一位青年骨干教师的阅读教学课。课后反响热烈,大家都认为达到了理想的效果。
论文检测天使-免费论文相似性查重http://www.jiancetianshi.com
二、案例与评析
1. warm-up。教师首先用一首主要意思为培养良好阅读习惯的英文歌让学生放松,并顺势引入本堂课的任务:improving our reading comprehension and enjoying reading。课前给每位学生和听课教师分发一张讲义,并在多媒体屏幕上按教学步骤播放其中的内容。
2. 教师简明扼要介绍讲义上“(一)”的内容,同时大屏幕上显示:
Reading comprehension
(一)阅读理解短文常见的题型
(1)Finding the answers directly 直接回答题
(2)Guessing the meanings 猜词析义题
(3)Understanding the details 细节理解题
(4)Inductions 主旨要义题(归纳概括题)
(5)Inference and judgment 推理判断题
3. 让学生分篇阅读以下五篇短文。学生在一定的速度要求下先个别阅读,后互相快速交换想法,教师检查答案,分析答题理由和根据,师生一起判断文后问题属于以上哪种题型,以加深学生对各类题型的认识,从而了解根据精选的文章内容,理解不同题型的技巧和依据。
论文检测天使-互联网抄袭检测软件http://www.jiancetianshi.com
(二)Read the passage and answer the questions.
Passage 1(1 minute)
Do you remember when your grandma told you the story of Snow White? Ah, the happy days of childhood!
But did you know that Snow White comes from Germany? It’s just one story from the 209 in Grimm’s Fairy Tales(《格林童话》). The Grimm brothers started to collect fairy tales in 1806. Their first book came out in 1812.
Q: From the story, we know that _ is the hometown of Snow White.
A. England B. Japan C. America D. Germany
师生得出:(D)。教师大屏幕显示总结:直接回答题。解题方法:通读全文,看清题意,了解短文叙述的细节或重要事实,有的甚至可以从原文中直接找出答案。
Passage 2(1.5 minutes)
Allow me to give you a little advice about writing stories. First, make your characters believable. Make sure that they do and talk just like real persons. In real life, everyone is unique. If all your characters speak the same way and do things in the same way, you’ll lose your readers from the start. Then, your story must touch the readers’ emotions. If you can make them laugh and cry along with your characters, you will be a successful writer.
(1)What does “unique” mean here?
A. 众所周知的 B. 闻所未闻的 C. 一模一样的 D. 独一无二的
(2)The meaning of “emotions” should be ___ according to the passage.
A. 想法 B. 情感 C. 思路 D. 观点
师生得出:(D B)。教师大屏幕显示总结:猜词析义题。解题方法:对有关的上下文,甚至整篇文章的内容建立准确、立体的理解。我们可以根据上下文、构词法、自己的直接或间接经验来确定词义。然后教师再举例:
(1)从上下文猜测。如:
If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent(猜测:不同意), write “no”.
(2)从构词法猜测。如:
Training a dog to be a watchdog(猜测:看门狗) often produces unexpected(猜测:想不到的) results.
(3)从有关知识猜测。如:
—How do you know we’ve bought a TV set?
—I saw an antenna(猜测:天线) on the top of your house.
Passage 3(3 minutes)
Come and see the Indian elephants and the new tigers from America. The bears are waiting to meet you, and monkeys from China are waiting to throw things at you. The lovely dogs from Australia are waiting to laugh at you, and the giraffes from Zambia are waiting to look down on you.
Tickets Opening time
Grown-ups: $2.00 9:00 a.m.-4:00 p.m.
Children: Over 12: $1.00 except Friday
Under 12: Free 10:a.m.-23:00p.m. Keep the zoo clean!
Do not touch, give food or go near the animals.
(1) How many kinds of animals are talked about in the passage?
A. Four B. Five C. Six D. Seven
(2)Now Mr. Smith is in the zoo with his two sons, one aged 14 and the other 10, how much are the tickets together?
A. $4.00 B. $2.00 C. $3.00 D. $1.00
(3)Which of the following is the visiting time?
A. 8:30 a.m. Monday. B. 9:30 a.m. Friday.
C. 3:00 p.m. Sunday. D. 5:00 p.m. Tuesday.
师生得出:(C C C)。教师大屏幕显示总结:细节理解题。解题方法:(1)在阅读中,要特别注意涉及who, what, when, why和where 等有关的内容,以便在回答问题时迅速查找细节。(2)回答时,一定要以文章所谈到的内容为依据,而不能凭自己的主观经验去选择不符合文章内容的答案。(3)如果提问的内容是由数字表示的事实或细节、时间、价格、次数等,有时要经过计算才能回答,不要轻易从文中直接得出数字,以免搞错。
Passage 4(1.5 minutes)
You dream each night, even though you may not remember your dreams. While you dream your eyes move and your heart beats faster. Even your brain-wave pattern changes. Some scientists think that dreaming is important for the sake(理由) of health. They claim(宣称) that without dream, people would go crazy.
Q: What does the passage mainly tell?
A. How people stay healthy B. How sleep is necessary
C. Why dreams are important D. When people remember their dreams
师生得出:(C)。教师大屏幕显示总结:主旨要义题(归纳概括题)。
解题方法:提取概括性的信息;寻找主题句;用略读法抓中心思想;确定短文的标题
Passage 5(2 minutes)
One day a man walked a pet shop and said to the shop assistant, “I need two small mice and about five dozen roaches(蟑螂) and two spiders(蜘蛛).”
“What do you need these things for?” the shop assistant was very surprised.
“Well,” replied the man, “I’m moving out of my apartment and the landlord(房东) insists(坚持)that I should leave the house in exactly the same condition(条件) as I found it.”
Q:The passage suggests that when the writer moved into the apartment, it was ______.
A. very clean B. just cleaned by the landlord
C. tidy and comfortable D. dirty and full of insects
师生得出:(D)。教师大屏幕显示总结:推理判断题。解题方法:这类题目要求根据短文的主旨或细节事实作出合乎逻辑的推理和判断,理解作者没有明确表达但隐含在字里行间的意义。在阅读时,要注意培养自己的推理能力,以准确判断出作者虽然没有明说却隐含着的信息。也可以根据语言、句法结构、信息词和常识,在没有把握的选项中用排除法得出正确答案。
4. 教师鼓励学生在5-6分钟内阅读以下一篇较长文章,回答五个问题,并判断题型,要求独立完成。
(三)Read Passage 6, answer the questions, then choose which type they belong to.
Passage 6
Do you know that the word “orz” means? It is from a language called “Martian language” and it is the most popular word on the Internet. People don’t say this word. They write it in E-mails, in MSN messages, on BBS, or in chat rooms.“Orz” comes from Japan and comes quickly to China. It shows a man facing left and kneeling on the ground. The “o” is a head, the “r” is the hands and the body and the “z”is the legs.
“Orz” has several meanings. The first meaning of “orz” is that a person fails and he or she is unhappy. The word also means “a nice man”. “A nice man” refers to the boy that a girl doesn’t really like. The girl may say politely, “You are a nice guy, so you will find another girl who loves you and is better than me. I am so sorry.”“Orz” also has some good meanings. If you admire(羡慕) somebody or something you can use “orz”. In addition, “orz” has another bad meaning. If you cann’t bear something or somebody, you can also use “orz”.
(1)The word “orz” is from ________.
A. China B. America C. India D. Japan
(2)We don’t usually use “orz” ______.
A. on BBS B. in MSN C. in daily life D. in chat rooms
(3)What’s the meaning of “kneeling” in the passage?
A. 蹲着 B. 下跪 C. 站着 D. 举起
(4)If a girl says “orz” to a boy, it means the boy is __________
A. A warm-hearted man B. A handsome man
C. A man that a girl doesn’t like D. A man everyone likes
(5)The best title of the passage can be________.
A. Why do people use “orz”? B. Who uses “orz”? C. What are the meanings of “orz”? D. Where is “orz” from?
教师检测结果,学生互相评分。教师在屏幕上显示讨论结果:
(1)D 直接回答题 (2) C 细节理解题 (3) B 猜词析义题
(4) C 推理判断题 (5) C 主旨要义题
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr /> 5. 教师要求学生进一步阅读以下短文,根据内容设计问题,男女生比赛,把问题写在黑板上。
Passage7(10 minutes)
Life is like the four seasons. Now I am very old, but when I was young it was the spring of my life. I was born, I played a lot, and then I started school. I learned many new things. Like a flower, I grew bigger every day. There were happy days and sorrowful days: some days the sun shone, and some days it didn’t. In my twenties, I had a good job. I was strong and happy. Then I married and had a child. In those days, I didn’t have much time to think. Every day I was busy and worked very hard. The summer of my life passed quickly.
Then the days got shorter. Leaves fell from the trees. My child was a university student, and then an engineer. My home was much quieter. I started walking more slowly. One day, I stopped working. I had more time. I understood this was my autumn, a beautiful time when the trees change colour and give us delicious fruits.
But the days kept getting shorter and colder. Winter has come, I am older and weaker. I know I do not have many days left, but I will enjoy them to the end.
Discuss:according to the passage, then ask questions as many as possible.
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
6. 教师快速评析黑板上的问题后,给出比赛结果:女生设计的问题多,获胜,并再次屏幕显示总结:
(四)Make a conclusion
阅读理解四步曲:
(1)先读问题,弄清考查要点;
(2)快速浏览全文,掌握全貌;
(3)细读原文,捕捉相关信息词;
① 直接回答 ② 猜词析义 ③ 细节理解
④ 归纳概括 ⑤ 抓关键词 ⑥ 排除法
(4)重读原文,仔细斟酌核对答案。
7. 教师布置课后笔头作业:
After you read Passage 7, please write a passage about how you want to make good use of your time(eg.to improve your reading in the coming three months).让学生把第7篇文章中的思想意义在课后的习作中得到延续和升华。
课后,在市教研员的精心安排下,一百多位老师参加了评课。考虑到以往一些老师口头当面评课碍于面子,只讲好话,不讲心里话的事实,教研员马老师特意设计了一张书面评课表分发给每位听课老师。听课结束后,老师们认真填写了本堂课的优点和待改进之处,并签上了自己的姓名,当教研作业上交教研室。笔者受命认真阅读了这些评课表,深切感受到了老师们热情参与这次活动的心情,勇于面对新教材新理念的挑战跃跃欲试的态度,迫切想要改变现状的冲动。笔者把这些真诚的闪烁着智慧光芒的点评作了总结,在我校每周一次的全组教研活动中进行学习,以求探索和响应学校提出的“精致教育”目标下的英语课堂教学模式。笔者总结如下:
本堂课优点:
(1)歌曲引入,创设了恰当的阅读欣赏气氛。
(2)教师语音语调优秀并富有激情,用英语组织教学,中文讲解适当。
(3)教师思路清晰,问题解释到位精练;运用启发式探究教学,层层深入又环环相扣;突出学法指导,采用小组合作学习,使学生人人参与,激发了学生的阅读兴趣。
(4)文章选材由易到难,从分散到集中,结构紧凑,集趣味性、思想性与概括性为一体;题型全面;在归纳、总结、实践中,让学生学会了阅读技巧。
(5)第7步让学生设计问题,分组竞赛,使课堂教学达到了高潮,激发了学生的阅读兴趣,有了成就感,从而培养了阅读能力。
(6)阅读时间控制的比较合理,限时阅读让学生学会掌握阅读速度。
假如这堂课按以下方面改进的话能更完美:
(1)以上第5-6步中,学生独立设计好问题后,最好抽几组PAIRS在全班面前口头展示问答,或者让学生回答黑板上已经写出的问题,并点评其题型。教师点评后给出更佳的补充问题作样板。
(2)能否在教师已经设计好的每篇文章的问题后留个空间,让学生阅读后提出自己个性化的问答,以便发现学生的智慧闪光点,更好地利用已有教材联系学生的实际想法和生活,更深层地提高阅读能力,从而使原本比较沉闷的阅读课呈现一波又一波的小高潮。
(3)根据本班学生实际阅读水平,还可以加大课堂阅读量。
(4)教师在第3步解释分题总结时,速度过快。最好能稍留片刻,给学生在脑中消化的时间,或让学生参与总结。
(5)可以适当增加几个篇幅的短文来突破学生最易失分的主旨要义题(归纳概括题)和推理判断题。如:Which is the best title? What’s the main idea? Which is true according to the passage? What can you learn from the article?...
(6)能否在阅读时增加一步优词佳句的欣赏,让师生共享阅读的快乐和对美的共鸣。
三、小结与启发
1. 小结
整节课的流程简洁清晰:题型类别概括——阅读,解题,议题,小结——总结,阅读,编题,议题,从阅读解题技巧知识的再现,指导学生的阅读实践,到学生的阅读综合语用能力得到提高。
从课堂教学的效果看:学生的阅读能力得到系统的指导和加强,通过课后写作,阅读在课外也得到延伸。
从教师和学生的角色看:整堂课大多数学生处于积极参与和合作交流中,思维活跃;教师布置任务,适时激励评价,恰当调控学生思维,充分发挥了主导作用。
从教学模式看:任务型教学和应试教学有机结合,让学生在完成任务中提高语用能力。
2. 启发
(1)尽快更新理念,将新理念贯彻到教学实践中去。教育部在2001年下发的《 关于积极推进小学开设英语课程的指导意见》中明确指出:“要防止和纠正以教授语音和语法等语言知识为主的做法,把教学重点放在培养学生用英语进行交流的能力和兴趣上。”提倡精致课堂教学,强调课堂五维目标:准确精练传授知识;注重培养技能;重视情感态度兴趣;探讨学习策略;培养文化意识,促进学习动力的长远发展。这样,才能从根本上改变师生教得累,学生学得苦的现状。
(2)明确学生的课堂主体地位和教师的主导地位,以此为基点确立课堂教学模式,让学生学有所获,成为学习的主人,才能积极主动学习。
(3)针对学生水平,积极钻研教材,合理取舍内容,着眼于课本,又能超越课本,充分展示教师个性魅力。
(4)教研组、备课组应该加强集体备课,开展公开课活动,改进说课评课方式,这样才能仁者见仁,智者见智,在讨论和争论中树立和实践新理念。
论文检测天使-学术行为不端检测免费软件http://www.jiancetianshi.com
总之,这堂课是一堂成功的精致的课,虽然有待改进的地方,但许多老师都一致认为阅读课应该是这样上的,只是有时侯总是因为各种原因偏离了最真的原则。笔者认为,一堂成功的精致的英语阅读课对学生的作用,可以用英国哲学家培根(Francis Bacon, 1561-1626)的一句话作为最好的说明。他说:阅读使人充实;讨论使人机智;写记使人精确。(Reading maketh (makes) a full man; conference a ready man; and writing an exact man.)
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />
相关文章:
立足课本培养英语阅读能力04-26
高中英语教学之我见04-26
浅析如何提高学生英语听力水平04-26
浅析高中英语课堂教学的优化04-26
浅谈在英语教学中学生英语思维能力的培养04-26
提高学生的英语写作水平策略04-26
用导学案实施分层教学,打造高效英语课堂04-26
校本研究的实践与探索04-26
激发兴趣在初中英语教学中的探索与实践04-26