数量比较是英语比较结构中的一种,它由含有数字意义的词语充当修饰词,表示数学意义上的增加或减少。在实际语言中,数量比较一般由同等比较(as…as…结构)和差等比较(more than…结构)加数量来表示,但也常常通过其它词汇手段或句法手段来表示。现将英语中数量比较的结构归纳如下。
倍数或分数加上同等比较结构“as…as…”。如:
This substance reacts one-tenth as fast as the other one. 这个物质的反应速度是另一物质的1/10.
You may talk about the Japanese agriculture being twenty times as efficient as the American... 你可以说日本农业的效率是美国农业的20倍……(比美国农业高19倍)。
2. 数量词、分数、倍数等+比较级+than…。如:
China is one-sixth larger than the United States. 中国比美国大1/6。
Mary is eight inches taller than Rose. 玛丽比罗斯高8英寸。
The output of cars in the U.S. last year was 24 percent less than that in 1973. 去年美国小汽车的产量比1973年下降了24℅。
This skirt is 3.5 times more expensive than the one you are wearing.这条裙子比你身上穿的贵3.5倍(三倍半)。
My father is 7 years older than my uncle. 我父亲比我叔叔大7岁。
3. “… times + the + 名词(如:size, height, weight, length, width等)+ of …”。如:
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon. 地球的体积是月球的 49 倍。
This river is three times the depth of that one. 这条河是那条河的三倍深。
The blue box is 10 times the weight of the black one. 蓝箱子的重量是黑箱子的10倍。
This new square is twice the size of this one. 新广场的大小是这个广场的两倍。
4. 倍数加上“that of…”结构所构成的数量比较结构。that of…代表被比的对象,在实际应用中可根据情况换做其它名词或名词词组。如:
The height of this mountain is 1.5 times that of the one over there.这座山比那边那座高一半。
The thickness of this book is triple that of the one on the desk. 这本书比桌上的那本厚两倍。
5. “… times + more +名词+ than …”。如:
He earns five times more money than he did ten years ago. 他现在挣的钱比十年前挣的多 5 倍。
There are twice more students in our class than in theirs. 我们班的学生人数比他们班多两倍。
6. “… times +as many(或much)+名词+ as …”。如:
We’ve produced twice as much cotton this year as (we did) ten years ago. 今年我们生产的棉花比十年前多了一倍。(汉语中的多一倍实际上也指两倍一样多。)
He has got three times as many books as his sister. 他拥有的书的数量是他妹妹的3倍。
Americans eat twice as much protein as they actually need everyday. 美国人每天摄入的蛋白质是其实际需要的两倍。
I have four times as many records as yours. 我的唱片有你的4倍之多。
7. 倍数或分数后接“代词what”引导的分句所构成的数量比较结构。如:
He eats twice what you eat. 他吃的比你多一倍。
The book costs double (of) what it did. 这本书现在的价格是过去的两倍。
His weight is four-fifths (of) what he was five years ago. 他现在的体重是5年前的4/5。
She could pay only one-third (of) what she owned. 她只能还上所欠钱数的1/3。
8. 由表示倍数的“double/triple/quadruple…”组句所形成的数量比较结构,这时这些词既可作形容词、名词,还可作及物动词或不及物动词。如:
32 is the quadruple of 8. 32是8的4倍。
Ten is double five. 10是5的2倍。
I paid triple the price. 我付了3倍的价钱。
He is double my age / His age is double mine. 他的年龄是我的两倍。
The population of the town is triple what it was then. 那城镇的人口是当时的3倍。
Sales quadrupled this year.今年销售额增加了3倍。
He has doubled his income in five years. 他5年内收入增加了一倍。
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr /> 9. 两倍或两倍以下的数量比较常用结构。如:
His room is as big again as mine / His room is twice as big as mine.他的房间是我的两倍大(比我的大一倍)。
Your bag is half the size of his / Your bag is half as big as his. 你的袋子是我的一半大。
Your piece of cake is half as big again as mine / Your piece of cake is 1.5 times as big as mine. 你的蛋糕比我的大半倍。
10. “more than…”结构加上(by…)。如:
She is taller than I by 3 centimeters. 她比我高3厘米。
This room is larger than that one by 4 times. 这个房间比那个房间大4倍
11. “… times + compared with +被比较对象”。如:
The number of the students in our school has increased three times compared with 1992. 我们学校的学生人数比 1992 年增加了 3 倍。
12. 在倍数前,还可以用over, more than 等表示“比……倍还要多”。如:
It was over twice the distance of the earth from the sun. 那是地球到太阳的距离的两倍多。
He has more than three times my money. 他的钱是我的三倍还不止。
13. 各种数量比较结构可交替使用。如:
这家宾馆比那家大5倍。
This hotel is 6 times as large as that one.
This hotel is 6 times the size of that one.
This hotel is 5 times larger than that one.
This hotel is larger than that one by 5 times.
14. 其它数量比较结构的形式。如:
Unemployment has increased 1.5 percent. 失业率增加了1.5%。
Its total output value was up 3.6 times in three years. 它的总产值3年增产了3.6倍。
The price of this kind of vegetable has decreased one-third. 这种青菜的价格降低了1/3。
This figure exceeds his estimated by 2.5 times. 这个数值超过了他预算的两倍半。
The loss of metal has been reduced to less than 20%. 金属损耗减少到20%以下。
The output of the steel in 1980 was 19 times over that in 1970. 1980年的钢产量是1970年的20倍。
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />
相关文章:
情趣教学法在初中英语课堂教学中的运用04-26
初中英语课堂分层教学初探04-26
探讨贫穷山区高中英语语法教学04-26
浅谈英语教学中的无形教育04-26
让英语课堂提问更具艺术性04-26
关于初三英语教学的几点思考04-26
“三学一练”阅读课教学模式的探究与实践04-26
同题异构话导入——以初中英语课堂教学为例04-26
我谈初中英语词汇教与学04-26