众所周知直接引语变间接引语是初中阶段很重要的语法点之一,那么怎样才能牢固掌握它呢?现将直接引语变间接引语时的规则总结如下:
1、 时态变化
直接引语变为间接引语时,如果主句的谓语是现在时态,从句的时态用原来的时态;若主句为过去时态,变为间接引语的宾语从句通常要变为相对应的过去时态,即一般现在时变为一般过去时,一般将来时变为过去将来时,现在进行时变为过去进行时,现在完成时变为过去完成时,一般过去时也变为过去完成时等等,(若直接引语为过去完成时,变为间接引语可以不变)。另外,若直接引语中有情态动词can, may等,也应变成过去式could, might等(情态动词must可以变为had to,也可不变,should, ought to, had better 等可以不变)如:
“I like to play games.” she said. → She said that she liked to play games.
“It will rain soon,” he said. → He said that it would rain soon.
注: 若直接引语为客观真理,人或事物所惯有的特征时变为间接引语时时态不变。如:
The teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.”→ The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun.
2、代词的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时人称变化要根据说者、听者或第三者作出相应的变化,同时指示代词、物主代词、反身代词等也要根据具体情况作出相应的变化。
(this改为that, these改为those等)如:
He said, “You are wrong.” → He said that he was wrong.
He said, “I think this is the best.” → He said that he thought that was the best.
3、时间状语的变化
直接引语变间接引语时,如果主句的主语是一般过去时,从句的时间状语要作出适当的改变。其规则是:now 改为 then, today 改为that day, tonight改为that night,yesterday改为the day before,this month改为that month,last week改为the week before,ago 改为before,three years ago改为three years before, tomorrow改为the next day, next year改为the next year等。如:
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr /> He said, “I’m very busy now.” → He said that he was very busy then.
Lucy said, “I will go to Beijing next year.” → Lucy said that she would go to Beijing the next year.
4、地点状语和动词的变化
直接引语变间接引语时,引语中的地点副词here 和动词come 改为 there和go。如:
She said, “I will come here tonight.” → She said that she would go there that night.
5、语序的变化
直接引语变间接引语时,疑问句语序要变为陈述句语序,问号变句号,并且直接引语中的一般疑问句不能用that 来引导,而要用if或whether,特殊疑问句仍用原疑问词来作连接词。如:
He asked, “Do you know this man?” → He asked if /whether I knew that man.
She asked, “What are you doing now?” → She asked what you were doing then.
6、句式的变化
直接引语为祈使句,变为间接引语时,要使用ask/ tell/ order/ advice sb (not) to do sth句式, 若祈使句中没有呼语,应根据句意给动词 ask, tell, order 等补上适当的宾语。如:
He said , “ Don’t go to bed too late.” →He asked me not to go to bed too late.
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />
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