要学好宾语从句,首先要明确什么是宾语从句以及宾语从句可分为哪些类型。宾语从句是指在句中起宾语作用的从句,可分为动词的宾语从句、介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。根据引导词的不同,宾语从句又可分为以从属连词that引导的宾语从句、从属连词whether或that引导的宾语从句和疑问代词或疑问副词引导的宾语从句。教学中,要牢记“两三”。
一、 宾语从句的三种类型
(一)that引导的宾语从句
1. 当宾语从句是由陈述句转换而来时,引导词用that,无实际意义,口语和非正式文体中常可省略。例如:
Lucy is glad that her mother will buy an Mp4 for her.
She knows (that) she should study hard.
2. 主句谓语是wish等。例如:
I think that they will come back on time.
I hope that you will help us.
3. 主句的谓语动词是“be+afraid等形容词”构成的复合谓语。例如:
I’m afraid that I can’t come back on time.
They’re pleased that they have once again overcome the difficulty.
(二)whether或if引导的宾语从句
1. 由一般疑问句转换来的宾语从句,引导词用if / whether,意为“是否”。也就是if / whether引导的从句原为一般疑问句,变为宾语从句后,语序由原来的疑问语序变为陈述语序。例如:
I’m not sure if / whether it will be sunny tomorrow.
Our teacher asked us if /whether we had finished all our homework.
2. 只能用whether而不用if的情况。例如:
I don’t know whether to go to the park.(接带to的动词宾语从句时)
She is thinking of whether she should play football.(引导介词的宾语从句时)
I don’t know whether or not he will come on time.(与or not连用时)
We’re now discussing whether we should have a class meeting.(在动词discuss后面的宾语从句中)
Whether they will join in the Winter Camp I don’t care.(宾语从句提前时只能用whether)
(三)含疑问意义的连接词引导的宾语从句
由特殊疑问句转换而来的宾语从句,原来的特殊疑问词转化成宾语从句的引导词(特殊疑问词即连接代词或连接副词)。
1. 由连接代词引导的宾语从句。
宾语从句可由连接代词what, who, whom, which等引导,它们在宾语从句中可作主语、宾语、定语和表语,不能省略。例如:
What does he say? I wanted to know.(合并为一个宾语从句)
I wanted to know what he said.
2. 由连接副词引导的宾语从句。宾语从句可由连接副词when, where, why, how等引导,它们在宾语从句中作状语,不可省略。例如:
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr /> Why didn’t he come? I don’t know.(合并为宾语从句)
I don’t know why he didn’t come.
注意:how old, how many, how much, how long, how soon等也可引导宾语从句。
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二、宾语从句三注意
(一)语序
一般情况下,宾语从句要用陈述语序,但疑问词作主语的句子变成宾语从句后,其语序不再发生变化。例如:
Will you tell me what was wrong with your brother?(what作主语语序不再发生变化)
I don’t know where she is.(语序用陈述语序)
(二)时态
1. 如果主句是一般现在时或一般将来时,那么宾语从句的时态可用任意时态,也就是根据具体情况确定。例如:
I don’t know why he didn’t come.
I am not sure if /whether it will be sunny tomorrow.
2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句采用相应的过去时态,但如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或普遍真理时,则用一般现在时。例如:
She said that her son went swimming with his good friend.
The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
3. could, would等开头的句子如果表示的是委婉的请求,整体语境是一般现在时,宾语从句可以用任何合适的时态。例如:
Could you tell me who he is?
Could you tell me how I can get to the hospital?
三、 宾语从句的否定转移
主句谓语动词是表示“想,认为”等意义的动词,如think, believe, imagine, suppose, expect, guess等。主句的主语是 论文检测天使-免费论文检测软件http://www.jiancetianshi.com
第一人称的一般现在时,从句的否定一般要转移到主句中,其反意疑问句一般与宾语从句一致。例如:
I don’t think they will come back on time.
我认为他们不会按时回来。
I don’t believe that’s his fault, is it?
我认为这不是他的过错,是不是?
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