英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。从其修辞功看,运用倒装是为了:表示强调;承上启下;制造悬念,渲染气氛;平衡结构;使描写生动。
1.从种类来看,可分为:全部倒装;部分倒装;形式倒装。
2.从倒装成分的词类又可分为:
1)完全倒装,可分为:形容短语、副词短语、动词短语、介词短语倒装。
2)部分倒装,则可细分为:代词倒装、连接词倒装、否定倒装、条件句倒装等。
3.从句子成分上,可分为:
1)状语倒装
2)表语倒装
倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。在我们高中英语中,倒装句的考查:
1.在高考阅读文章中的使用增加了阅读的难度,使我们不能辨别句子的结构和含义,从而常是阅读出题的重点和难点。能够识别倒装句将大大地帮助我们理解文章及句子的含义。反之,我们将会遗憾丢分。
2.倒装作为一种汉语里所没有的独特句式,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力,丰富我们的语言表达。如:写作中可运用only加状语句型,the more …the more 句型,if的倒装句型,这些都是万能句型,能增加得分的机会。了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。故带着这样的目的,我们必须学好并能灵活熟练的运用好倒装句。
一、完全倒装(主谓倒装)(将主语和谓语完全交换位置)
完全倒装中,主要是状语和表语位于句首
(1)状语有:
1.表示地点、方向等的介词短语(此时主语为名词)
e.g. ① Near the river was a pine tree.
②In the house lives an old man .
注:这个句型中谓语动词大多为be, sit, live, lie, stand, rise, go , come 等。
2.表时间、地点的副词here, there, up, down, out, off, back, in , now, then, away等做状语。
e.g. ① There goes the bell.
② Now comes the bus.
(2)表语有:形容词、过去分词、现在分词、介词短语
e.g.① Gone are the days when they could do what they liked to the Chinese people.
② Present at the meeting were some scientists from China.
③ Joining us today are six experts. (牛津英语模块6)
④ Buried there are the remains of fives emperors. (牛津英语模块6)
⑤ At the end of the Sacred Way is Changling,the largest of the Ming Tombs. (牛津英语模块6)
(3)There be 句型也是表语。(除be之外,能与there 连用的动词还有seem, exist, happen, appear , live, stand等)
e.g. ① There are 50 students in the class.
② There stands a tall tree in front of the house.
(4)、表示感叹、祝愿的句子
① May you succeed! 祝您成功!
② Long live the people! 人民万岁!
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二、部分倒装(只将谓语动词的一部分,如助动词,连系动词 be,情态动词等放在句首)
1、否定词或半否定词, 如never, seldom, hardly, rarely, not, nor, neither, little, scarcely, not until, nowhere, not only, nothing, no sooner(…than), at no time,
by no means, on no condition, in no case等位于句首时,用部分倒装。
e.g. ① Never have I seen such a performance.
② Little does he realize the danger he is in.
③ Not only will help be given to the people to find jobs, but also medical treatment will be provided for the people who need it.
不但会帮助人们找工作,还会为那些需要的人提供医疗。
注:1). Hardly (Scarcely)…when, no sooner… than,
not only…but also等引导两个分句时,
前一个分句用部分倒装,后一个分句不倒装。
e.g. Hardly had he begun to speak when his father
stopped him.
2).neither…nor引导两个分句时,两个分句都要倒装。
Neither do I know it, nor does she.
3).not until …放在句首,如果until后面跟的是一个从句,
从句不要用倒装,主句要用部分倒装。
e.g. Not until his father came back did he begin to do his homework.
2、only修饰副词、介词短语或状语从句位于句首时,用部分倒装
Only in this way can you help her.
Only then did we realize that the man was blind.
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr /> 注:1).当only 后面跟的状语是一个从句时,从句不倒装,
主句用部分倒装。
e.g. Only when you have grown up can you understand your parents.
2.)only 放在句首,但不修饰状语时,用正常语序。
e.g. Only I can go there.
3、 so(也), neither, nor(也不)放在句首时,用部分倒装
e.g. ① ——My room gets very cold at night.
——So does mine.
② I don’t like football. Neither does he.
注:如果句意表示肯定或附和 “的确如此”时,句子不用倒装
e.g. —— It’s hot.
—— So it is.(的确如此)
三、形式倒装结构
1. as(尽管)引导让步状语从句时,通常将句中状语、表语部分或动词提前,如果表语是名词,其前不加冠词。
①Terrible as the storm was, we continued our way.
尽管暴风雪很大,但我们还是继续赶路。
②Child as he was, he was able to stand on his own feet.
尽管他是个孩子,他已经能够独立地生活了。
③Try as she might, Carolina couldn’t get the door open.
尽管卡罗琳娜尝试了,但还是打不开门。
注:1.这种句型中,as后面仍然跟陈述句语序,不用倒装。
2.表语部分如有冠词,要将其省略。
2.在if引导的虚拟条件句中,如果从句的谓语动词部分含有were, had, should等,可以将这些词提至句首,并且if省略,从句构成特殊倒装结构。
e.g.① If you had come here , you would have met the film star.
→Had you come here, you would have met the film star.
你当时要是来这里的话,就能见到那位电影明星了。
② If I were you , I would take up art.
→ Were I you , I would take up art.
③If Mary should call, please tell her that
I’ll be back in an hour.
→Should Mary call, please tell her that
I’ll be back in an hour.
3. the more... the more... 句型(more.代表的是形容词或副词的比较级)
The more you practice, the easier it becomes.
4. whatever ,however + adj./adv. 引导让步状语从句
However difficult the problem may be, we must work it out now.
注:whatever后面也可以接名词,如受many或much修饰,则必须把换成however.
Whatever reasons you have, you should carry out your promise.
However many difficulties you meet with, you should try to overcome them.
5.感叹句
What an interesting talk they had!
How interesting their talk was !
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />
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