“介词＋关系代词”中介词的选用

         定语从句是高一英语语法的重难点，同时又是高考必考热点之一。纵观10年来各地高考试题对定语从句的考查，越来越突出能力立意。定语从句中关于“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句时介词的选择则更是令众多考生十分头疼的一大难题。之所以难，主要在于难以选出合适的介词。而介词的选用是有一定规律的，同学们只要掌握了这些规律，解题时就可迎刃而解，举一反三了。
         一、根据定语从句中的线索来选用介词
         这线索可以是：
         1.定语从句中的短语动词
         这是主要线索，所选介词需与动词搭配。例如：
         ⑴ She paid the man from whom she had borrowed some money.(=She paid the man．She had borrowed some money from him．)（borrow sth．from sb．意思是“向某人借东西”）
         ⑵ In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person to whom she could turn for help.(NMET 1992)（turn to sb．for help，意思是“求某人帮助”）
         在这一句式结构中，句中的介词与从句的谓语动词有一定的搭配关系。介词可用于关系代词之前，但先行词若指人，关系代词必须用whom，不能用who或that；若指物必须用which，不能用that。介词也可以置于从句谓语动词之后，这时，句中关系代词用who，whom，that均可，指物可用which或that，并均可省略。例如：
         The middle-aged woman to whom I spoke just now is my English teacher．[=The middle-aged （womanwho/whom/that) I spoke to just now is my English teacher．]
         2．定语从句中的形容词短语
         所选介词与形容词构成短语。例如：
         ⑴ China is a large country with a long history of which we are greatly proud．（be/feel proud of，以……为自豪）
         ⑵ The metals with which we are most familiar are steel and iron．我们最熟悉的金属是钢和铁。(be familiar with sth./sb.熟悉某人或某事)
         ⑶ It is the dictionary in which we are interested．这就是我们感兴趣的那本字典。(be interested in sth. 对…感兴趣)
 ⑷Partly because of his influence in politics，Ronald is a man with whom you will be glad to be acquainted．罗纳德是你很乐意结识的人，部分原因是由于他是个在政界有影响的人。（be acquainted with sb. 熟悉某人）
         3.定语从句中的短语介词
         所选介词是短语介词的组成部分。例如：
         ⑴ Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate ideas with each other．声音是人们交流思想的工具。
         ⑵ The property by virtue of which a body tends to remain in either of natural states is called inertia．使物体趋向于保持其所处的任一自然状态的性质称为惯性。
         4.定语从句中的名词
         所选用介词要求与名词搭配。 
例如：
         ⑴ I am sending you an inquiry，to which your prompt attention is highly appreciated．兹寄去询价单一张，望尽快办理，不胜感激。
　　[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />       ⑵ We meet with the difficulty of rebuilding the inner cities，to which top priority should be given．我们面临应该优先重建城内旧中心区的难题。
        
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二、根据先行词来选用介词
         所选用的介词与先行词构成固定搭配。例如：
         ⑴ He will never forget the day on which he joined the party.（on the day，在那天）
         ⑵ Last Sunday my aunt bought me a telescope through which I could study the sky．（through a telescope，透过望远镜）
         ⑶ We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life．我们没有意识到工作能在多大程度上给人们带来心理上的满足感，而这种满足感正是区分充实生活与空虚生活之所在。
         ⑷ The ease，for example，with which people can change from working in the day to working at night is a question of growing importance in industry where automation calls for round-the-clock working of machines．比如，在自动化生产要求机器24小时不停的运转的行业里，人们由白班倒到晚班能否很快适应的问题越来越引起重视。
         三、固定的介词短语
         在英语中，熟悉一些固定的介词短语，即可正确选用介词。如in one’s honor ／in whose honor，in this（that）case ／in which case，with one’s help ／with whose help等等。例如：
         ⑴ We extended our warm welcome to the visiting delegation in whose honor a grand banquet was given．我们举行盛大宴会热烈欢迎代表团的来访。
         ⑵ He might be in bed still，in which case we can go without him．他可能还没有起来，这样咱们就不带他去。
         四、表示所属关系时用介词of
         在此结构中的介词可能是表示“所属”意义的介词of，其中of前常惯用表示“部分”含义的名词、代词或数词，如one，a few，several，some，any，either，neither，none，half，the larger，the smallest等，即构成“名词（代词或数词）＋of＋关系代词”结构，of的前与后是部分与整体的关系。例如：
         ⑴ I live in this room, the window of which faces south．(=I live in this room, whose window faces south．)（表示“所有关系”）
         ⑵ There are over 3,000 workers in that factory, eighty-five percent of whom are women．（=There are…, and 85％ of them are women．）（表示“整体中的一部分”）
         ⑶ China has hundreds of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan．(=China has hundreds of islands and the largest of them is Taiwan．)
　　[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0425/fontbr />