定语从句是高中英语中最常见的语法类型,虽然在每次看文章和做题的时候都会看到这样的句式,但现在有些同学对于这种最频繁出现的句型还是不能很好的理解。现在本人要以多年来对定语从句的理解来简单讲解一下定语从句。
我们首先来看看定语从句的定义,其实我们从这四个字就可以看得出来,定语从句也就是可以充当定语的句子,起到修饰名词和代词的作用,有时可以修饰一个句子。定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词被称为先行词。定语从句的关系词是指关系代词和关系副词,其作用是用来引导定语从句且代替先行词在从句中充当成分。
关系代词:
一、定语从句常用的关系代词有: who/whom/which/that/whose/as 等
1. who /whom指人(即它的先行词必须是人),在从句中作主语或宾 语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。但whom是宾格,只能作宾语。
1) The girls who weren’t badly hurt in the accident are my classmates.
2) He knew the teacher (who/whom)we met yesterday.
2. which 指物,在从句中作主语或宾语。作主语不可省略;作宾语可以省略。
1) His father works in a factory which makes TV sets.
2) The film (which) we saw last night was very wonderful.
3. that 指人、物,在从句中作主语或宾语(that作宾语时可省)
1) A plane is a machine that/which can fly.
2)Have you found the bike ( that/which) you lost?
3)I don’t like the people who/that smoke a lot.
4) The lady (who/that) you saw just now is our English teacher.
4. whose 它既可以指人也可以代物,在从句中作定语。
I saw a woman . Her bag was stolen.
→I saw a woman whose bag was stolen.
Please show me the book . Its cover is red.
→Please show me the book whose cover is red.
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二、关系词that的特殊用法:六用,三不用
三不用: 引导非限制性定语从句关系词不用that。
紧跟介词后作宾语的关系词不用that。
谚语中不用that。
She has two brothers, who are both students.
She is the girl about whom I was just talking.
He who doesn’t reach the Great Wall isn’t a true man.
六用:1. 序数词 (包括 last, next )/最高级/the only, the very, the right, just the/any, some, no, all, every, many, much, few, little修饰指物的先行词时,只能用that.
This is the most interesting story ( that ) I have ever heard.
2. 先行词是指物的不定代词( anything, nothing, everything,all, much, many, few, little, none, something )时,只能用that.
Is there anything (that) you want to buy in town?
3. 先行词既有人又有物时,只能用that。
I can remember well the persons and pictures (that) I see.
4. 避免重复:主句有特殊疑问词或先行词就是疑问词时,只能用that。
Which is the bike (that) you lost?
Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?
5. 为避免与已有的定语从句关系代词重复。
Edison built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.
6. 其它用that的情况。
I like the way (that/ in which/ /) he teaches us.
This is the first time (that) I have been here.
三、先行词用who或which,不用that
1. 当先行词是 all, anyone, someone, everyone等指人的不定代词时, 用who 引导定语从句。
Anyone who breaks the rule will be punished.
2. 先行词是 those 表示人或 people时, 用 who引导定语从句。
Those who want to see the film please follow me.
关系副词:
定语从句的关系副词有:when( on/in/at…which)/where(on/ in…which)/why(for which),分别在从句中作时间,地点,原因状语。
This is the place where(in which)my father works.
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0424/fontbr /> I will never forget the day when (on which) I joined the army.
We din’t know the reason why (for which) he came late.
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句
as 的用法:
1. 限制性定语从句中
当先行词前有 as many/much, so, such, the same 修饰时(或先行词本身是such, the same), 关系代词用as. as在从句中作主语、宾语或表语。译成:如同
1.He is not such a man as only think of himself.
2. I should like to use the same pen as I used yesterday.
注意: the same……as 同一类(样)的, 常用省略结构
the same ……that 同一个
This is the same book as I read last week.
This is the same book that I read last week.
such ……as 定语从句 句子缺成分主宾表
such ……that 状语从句 句子完整
It is such a difficult problem as none of us can work out.
It is such a difficult problem that none of us can work it out.
3. 非限制性定语从句中
⑴as指代整个句子,即先行词是整个句子
⑵as引导的从句可以放在主句的前、中、后
⑶as在从句中担任主宾表
⑷as翻译成“正如,正像”
As we had expected, the play was wonderful.
She is honest, as could be judged from her eyes.
定语从句其实是个很容易理解的一个语法点,希望有了以上对其基本规则的讲解,在此后遇到同类题型时,我们都会处理的很好。
[8]电大学习网.免费论文网[EB/OL]. /d/file/p/2024/0424/fontbr />
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