中央广播电视大学2008-2009学年度第一学期"开放专科"期末考试
英语阅读(3) 试题
2009年1月
注 意 事 项
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三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。
Part I
Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context. The
paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets. Write A, B, or C on your
answersheet. (30 points, 3 points each)
Passage 1
Communication and Gender in Business
1 According to popular American linguist, Deborah Tannen, communication habits
vary depending on individual personality, culture, and among other factors, gender. Since
male ways of communicating are standard in business, women's ways of talking are often
ignored or misunderstood in the workplace. Tannen emphasizes that female and male styles
are both valid. Here are some of Tannen's main points:
2 Conversational styles in boys and girls show up early. Even S-year old boys care
about their rank in the group, while 5-year-old girls care more about being in or out of the
group. Therefore, men's conversational styles often use competition, while women try to
keep the appearance of equality.
3 Women tend to apologize more than men, as an attempt to restore the power balance
in conversation. When men simply accept the apology rather than part of the responsibility,
women feel unjustly blamed.
4 Western women favor indirect ways of speaking, which is interpreted by Western
men as showing insecurity and lack of confidence. However, this gender difference is also a
cultural difference: Japanese business culture demands indirectness, and the direct approach
used by Western businessmen is often seen as rude by the Japanese.
5 In business, women are often blamed if they "talk like a woman" (soft, indirect,
cautious), but are also blamed if they "talk like a man" (bossy, aggressive).
6 We have strong negative images of women in authority: Wicked Witch and Mother,
so women bosses are judged not as bosses but as women.
7 Gender differences show most strongly not in individuals but in group settings. In a
group of men and women, women tend to become silent bystanders, while men are active
participants.
8 Males and females in Western culture speak different body languages.
Men often spread out their limbs, taking up a lot of space, gesture widely, speak in loud
tones, and engage in direct eye contact. These behaviors communicate power and high
status. Women hold in their limbs, take up little space, make small gestures, speak in soft
voices, and lower their eyes frequently. These behaviors give away power and announce low
status.
9 Males interrupt females much more than they interrupt other males, and more often
than females interrupt either males or females.
10 Research has shown that there is nothing "natural" about male or female language,
but that these gender habits simply show the stereotyped role in which society puts men and
women.
Questions 1--10 are based on Passage 1.
1. vary (paragraph 1)
A. are similar B. are different
C. are universal
2. valid (Paragraph 1)
A. acceptable B. foolish
C. different
3. show up (paragraph 2)
A. change B. are the same
C. appear
4. restore (paragraph 3)
A. overpower B. revenge
C. bring back to the original position
5. unjustly (paragraph 3)
A. unfairly B. unknownly
C. uniquely
6. interpreted (paragraph 4)
A. translated B. understood
C. repeated
7. aggressive (paragraph 5)
A. unwilling to agree with others B. easy to get along with
C. ready to attack others
8. bystanders (paragraph 7)
A. outsiders B. onlookers (旁观者)
C. participants
9. limbs (paragraph 8)
A. arms and legs B. newspapers
C. ideas
10. interrupt (paragraph 9)
A. push B. apologize to
C. cut into the conversation
Part II
Read Passage a and choose either A, B or C to complete each of the following statements. Write
A, B or C on your answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points each)
Passage 2
Translating Fashion
1 It's seven o' clock in the morning and Natassia Antipova, a beautiful Russian
financial consultant, is getting up in the Moscow apartment where she lives alone and asking
herself. "What shall I wear today?" A decade ago her choices were simpler. Then, there was
one kind of mascara, one color eye shadow. Now, Natassia~s bathroom shelves are stocked
with Avon, Estee Lauder, and Nina Ricci. Her closets contain Levis and Armanis, as well
as local brand names. Her awareness of what makes a beautiful woman has been vastly
expanded. In Tokyo, on the same day, Maki Ko is doing a presentation for her public
relations company. Her trim size 8 figure is zipped into an Italian suit. In her English
pocket-book Elizabeth Arden cosmetics share space with products from Shisiedo, the Tokyo
based beauty company. Last year Maki had Japan ~ s most popular cosmetic surgery
procedure, a rhinoplasty to make her button nose look more Western. The list goes on.. The
globalization of fashion is one of the phenomena of our time, a vast market for those
companies who somehow have a look that translates worldwide.
2 There's nothing new, of course, about the process of fashionable imitation. In
Roman Britain prosperous natives wore togas. This fashion remained popular for some time.
"Likewise, after the Norman invasion of Britain in 1066, French styles became chic. This
kind of fashion trend has been happening for centuries. But what is new is the sheer size and
depth of penetration Of this global fashion.
3 Consider Levi jeans, a company with a brand imprint carried by 2,800 retail
companies in 45 countries. Worldwide sales for 1996 were US $ 7. 1 billion. Or Estee
Lauder, which since it went international in 1960, has penetrated 100 markets and racked up
sales of $ 3.4 billion in 1997. Or take China, whose women were forbidden as recently as 10
years ago to powder their noses -- in recent years, the fashion and cosmetics market has
expanded by 20 to 30 percent annually. But is this all a plot by greedy designers,
manufacturers and fashion editors to clone the world into one image? Alison Lurie, author of
The Language of Clothes, thinks not. She says people and cultures themselves decide on
what is fashion these days.
4 Of far more importance to fashion trends, according to Marc Bourgery an advertising
consultant, is the question of how a country entertains itself. He gives the example of Japan,
a country that has a love affair with golf and, more recently, with American situation
comedies. "Japanese people now want to be defined as witty, successful and affluent, and so
that style has become cool and sought after."
5 Bourgery, who travels the world in order to advise clients on which images sell best
in which countries, thinks that global fashion is not about the West dictating to the East.
Rather, it is about a new feeling of internationalism. "Armani, for example, does not set out
to look authentically Italian, anymore than Chanel wants to look specifically French,"
observes Bourgery. "Instead, their footprint is a look which says 'I'm eleganat,
sophisticated, successful, ' and that translates worldwide."
6 What it all adds up to is a world of consumer decision-making, a mix-and-match
world where consumers often take what is best from their own country and combine it.
Worldwide surveys of beauty practices confirm this point. Russian women confide that not
all of them are crazy about the new cosmetic imports - environmentally conscious teens and
twenty-some-things, "are mad for the newest line of Russian skin care, Green Mama, made
exclusively from herbs and fruits found in the Ahai region of Sineria." Beauty-conscious
Syrians also claim that their traditional oils and scents are for them a treasure trove of beauty
secrets. In their Damascus bathrooms, alongside the modern cosmetics, are pewter bowls in
which to mix Henna and bay leaf, honey and olive oil soaps or vials of perfumed oils.
7 The cruel truth about what is fashionable is that it can't be clearly defined. Today's
concept of fashion draws from a far wider ethnic and national pool than ever before, and it's
growing day by day.
Questions 11--20 are based on Passage 2.
11. Russian women have fashion choices compared to a decade ago.
A. the same B. more
C. fewer
12. Rhinoplastry is popular among women.
A. Japanese B. European
C. African
13. After the Norman invasion of Britain, styles became popular.
A. Japanese B. French
C. British
14. The difference in fashion today is the
A. trend it creates B. choice of styles
C. size and penetration
15. Levi jeans does business in countries.
A. 100 B. 2,800
C. 45
16. Alison Lurie says ____ are making decisions on fashion these clays.
A. designers and companies
B. people and cultures
C. editors and manufacturers
17. Marc Bourgery thinks dictates what global fashion is.
A. the East B. the West
C. internationalism
18. Armani is most probably a(n) brand(商标)name.
A. Italian B. French
C. Japanese
19. Today the __ makes fashion choices.
A. consumer B. designer
C. international market.
20. Fashion is today.
A. specific B. diverse
C. expensive
Part ]]I
Read Passage 3 and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true
and F for false on your answer sheet. (20 points, 2 points each)
Passage 3
Studying the Weather
The behavior of the atmosphere, which we experience as weather and climate, affects
our lives in many important ways. It is the reason why no one lives on the South Pole. It
controls when a farmer plants the food we will eat, which crops will be planted, and also
whether those crops will grow. The weather tells you what clothes to wear and how you will
play after school. It may even affect your emotions. For example, many people say they feel
happier on sunny days.
Weather is the sum of all the conditions of the air that may affect the earth's surface and
its living things. These conditions include the temperature, air pressure, wind, and
moisture. Climate -- which also refers to these conditions but generally applies to larger
areas and longer periods of time, such as the annual climate of South America rather than
today~ s weather in New York city -- varies around the globe.
People have always searched the sky for clues about upcoming weather. Throughout the
ages, farmers and sailors have looked to the winds and clouds for signs of approaching
storms. But no real understanding of the weather could be achieved without a scientific study
of the atmosphere. Such a study depends on being able to measure certain conditions,
including pressure temperature, and moisture levels.
A true scientific examination of weather, therefore, was not possible until the
development of accurate measuring instruments, beginning in the seventeenth century.
Meteorology- the science of studying the atmosphere -- was thus born in 1643 with the
invention of the barometer, which measures atmospheric pressure. The liquid-in-glass
thermometer, the hygrometer to measure humidity --T the amount of moisture in the air --
and the weather map also were invented during the 1600s.
With the measurement of these basic elements, scientists began to work out the
relationships between these and other atmospheric conditions, such as wind, clouds, and
rainfall. Still, their observations failed to show an overall picture of the weather. Such
complete weather reporting had to wait two centuries for the rapid transfer of information
made possible by the invention of the telegraph during the 1840s.
Today, the forecasts of meteorologists are an international effort. There are thousands
of weather stations around the world, both at land and at sea. Upper-level observations also
are made by weather balloons and satellites, which continuously send photographs back to
earth. All of this information is relayed to national weather bureaus, where meteorologists
plot it on graphs and analyze it. The information is then given to the public through
newspapers and television and radio stations.
Questions 21--30 are based on Passage 3.
21. The behaviour of the atmosphere is also called weather.
22. Weather may even influence people's feelings.
23. According to the passage, different places have different climates.
24. A real understanding of weather totally depends on the measuring of temperature.
25. Meterology was born before 1643.
26. The weather map was invented in the seventeenth century.
27. The forecasts of weather is an effort by only developed countries.
28. Nowadays, there are many weather stations at land and at sea.
29. Weather balloons are no longer used for weather forecast.
30. Television and newspapers are the only news media used for weather forecasts.
Part
Read Passage 4 and answer the following questions. Make your answers as short and clear as
possible. (20 points, 4 points each)
Passage 4
A City That's Doing Something Right
1 There's good news and bad news about life in modern cities -- first, the bad. People
who study population growth predict a nightmare by the year 2025: the global population
will be more than 8 billion, and almost 4 billion of these people will be living in cities in
developing countries such as india and Nigeria. Population growth is already causing
unbelievable overcrowding. Nairobi, Kenya, has basic services for 200,000 people but has a
population of 5 million. Mexico City is home to almost 25 million people. By the year 2025,
population experts predict, 660 million people will be living in cities in lndia. Due to
overcrowding, these cities have problems with air pollution, disease, and crime. People
spend hours in gridloek -- that is, traffic so horrible that it simply doesn't move -- when
they commute daily from their homes to their work and back. There isn't enough water,
transportation, or housing. Many people don~t have access to health services or jobs. Now
the good news: in some cities, instead of worsening, urban life is actually getting much
better.
2 A City and Its Mayor
It might not be a surprise to find that life in affluent cities is improving. But what about
cities that aren't rich? The city of Curitiba, Brazil, proves that it's possible for even a city in
a developing country to offer a good life to its residents. The mayor of Curitiba for twenty-
five years, Jaime Lerner, was an architect and a very practical person. Under his leadership,
the city planners established a list of priorities -- in other words, a list of what was most
important to work on. They decided to focus on the environment and on the quality of life.
With an average income of only about $ 2000 per person per year, Curitiba has the same
problems as many cities. However, it also has some creative solutions.
3 Garbage Collection
One creative solution is the method of garbage collection. In neighborhoods tbat garbage
trucks can't reach, poor people bring bags of trash to special centers. At these centers, they
exchange the trash for fresh produce -- such as potatoes and oranges -- or for bus tickets.
At a recycling plant, workers separate bottles, plastic, and cans from other trash.
Two-thirds of Curitiba~s garbage is recycled, which is good for the environment. And tb.e
plant gives jobs to the poorest people, which improves their lives.
4 Transportation
Due to careful planning, Curitiba does not have the same traffic problems that most
cities have. The statistics are surprising. The population has grown- now twice the size it
was in 1974 -- but traffic has actually decreased 30 percent. Curitiba needed a mass-transit
system but couldn't afford an expensive subway. City planners began, instead, with an
unusual system of buses in the center lanes of five wide major streets. At each bus stop,
there is a forty-foot-long glass tube. Passengers pay before they enter the tube. Then they
get on the bus "subway style" -- through wide doors. This allows people to get on and off
the bus quickly and efficiently. People don' t crowd onto the bus; loading and unloading
takes only thirty seconds. This makes commuting more pleasant and also helps to solve the
problem of air pollution.
5 Street Children
Then there is the problem of street children. To help solve this problem, Jaime Lerner
talked seriously with owners of factories and stores. Each factory and store owner agreed to
take care of a few street children -- to give them a meal every day and a small amount of
money. In exchange, the children do small, simple jobs in the garden or office. In addition,
the city hired teenagers to keep the public parks clean.
6 The Environment
To make the environment both cleaner and more beautiful, Curitiba has strict laws
against polluters. But it also has low taxes for companies that have green areas, so several
hundred major industries such as Pepsi and Volvo have offices in the city. t~ringing natural
beauty into the city is a priority. For this reason, Curitiba gave 1.5 million young trees to
neighborhoods to plant and take care of. And the downtown shopping area is now a
pedestrian zone -- in other words, for walkers only, no cars -- and is lined with gardens.
7 A Symbol of the Possible
Clearly, overcrowding in big cities worldwide is the cause of serious problems.
However, the example of Curitiba provides hope that careful planning and creative thinking
can lead to solutions to many of them. Curitiba is truly, as Lewis Mumford once said of
cities in general, a "symbol of the possible."
Questions 31--35 are based on Passage 4.
31. What kind of city is Curitiba?
32. Who is Jaime Lerner?
33. Who help collect garbage in neibourhoods that garbage trucks can't reach?
34. What is used at each bus stop in Curitiba to save commuting people's time?
35. What does pedestrian zone in the six paragraph mean?
试卷代号：2157
中央广播电视大学2008-2009学年度第一学期"开放专科''期末考试
英语阅读(3) 试题答案及评分标准
(供参考)
2009年1月
Part I (30 points, 3 points each)
1. B 2. A 3. C 4. C 5. A
6. B 7. C 8. B 9. A 10. C
Part Il (30 points, 3 points each)
11. B 12. A 13. B 14. C 15. C
16. B 17. C 18. A 19. A 20. B
Part 1]I (20 points, 2 points each)
21. F 22. T 23. T 24. F 25. F
26. T 27. F 28. T 29. F 30. F
Part 1V (20 points, 4 points each)
31. It's a city in a developing country/Brazil.
32. The mayor of Curitiba for twenty-five years.
33. Poor people.
34. A forty-foot-long glass tube.
35. It means an area for walkers only, no cars.
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