中央广播电视大学2007-2008学年度第二学期"开放专科''期末考试
英语阅读(3) 试题
2008年7月
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Part I
Questions 1--10 are based on Passage 1. (30 points, 3 points each)
Passage 1
The Good Life
1 Imagine something unhealthy, dangerous, and expensive, and you will notice it is often
enjoyable, too. The French call this "the good life" and say that life should be enjoyed
generously, not protected carefully. Eating, drinking, smoking, driving fast -- for the
French, these are life's pleasures. Take them away, and you're left with a poor, colorless
existence. Safe and heahhg, perhaps. But safe and healthy is not "the good life" in France.
2 Take fat, for example. While much of the world, and the United States in particular, has
gone on an "anti-fat" campaign, this is absolutely not the case in France. These days in
American supermarkets one can see rows and rows of "lite food" -- cookies, snacks, cheese,
milk which have been made especially with reduced fat. The Americans say this is healthy.
The French say this is stupid! They load up their shopping carts with lois gras ("fatty goose
liver"), rich cheeses, butter-soaked cakes and pastries. And what are the results?
Amazingly, the French suffer less from obesity than the Americans. Heart attacks are about
twice as likely to strike Americans, though the French eat three times more cheese, and four
times as much butter] Hedonism, that is, believing that pleasure is the purpose of life,
seems to bring health, not illness.
3 As for drinking, these days young professional Americans are becoming more cautious
about their alcohol intake, saying that it is safer; healthier to drink less wine and more
orange juice. Yet the French continue to enjoy their famous wines, with gusto. In fact,
recent research has shown that moderate daily wine intake is good for us. Big U. S. drug
companies are working on a pill that will reproduce the healthful chemical properties of wine.
But anyone who has enjoyed a good French wine knows that the real benefit of this drink
comes not just from a chemical compound, but from the serene pleasure -- the enjoyment --
of drinking it.
4 Smoking? The French choose to ignore the warnings that smoking is bad for the health.
There is no significant antismoking movement here, no laws restricting smoking in offices,
trains or restaurants. You can see them happily puffing between delicious courses of grilled
beefsteak, rich cheeses, gallons of red wine. A doctor's nightmare? No, it's the good life!
5 But the place to see the French really live dangerously is the road. No rules, no lanes,
just going as fast as possible at all times. Motorcycles drive wherever they want, even the
wrong side of the road. Drivers are aggressive. Rush hour is a disorganized mess. But
Parisian drivers don't show any anger while driving -- no raised voices, no rude gestures,
just serene and cool in the middle of the wild chaos. The key to driving in Paris is not
caution. It is "sang froid", literally "cold blood". The way to have a heart attack is not by
eating too much fatty cheese, butter, red meat, drinking too much wine, smoking too many
cigarettes. It is by resenting life and getting upset with daily chaos. Going with the flow is
the secret of the French "good life" -- enjoying every mouthful of food and drink and smoke.
Playing, but not playing it safe.
Questions 1-- 10 Directions:
Read Passage 1 and decide the meaning of the following words with the help of the context. The
paragraph in which the word appears is indicated in brackets. Write A, B, or C on your answer
sheet.
1. generously (paragraph 1)
A. happily B. willingly
C. without limit
g. campaign (paragraph 2)
A. planned activities supporting a belief B. camping
C. holiday
3. obesity (paragraph 2)
A. poverty B. fatness
C. traffic iam
4. strike (paragraph 2)
A. please B. hit
C. change
5. cautious (paragraph 3)
A. careful B. careless
C. happy
6. moderate (paragraph 3)
A. a large amount of B. a small amount of
C. a neither large nor small amount of
7. reproduce (paragraph 3)
A. throw away B. create something similar
C. get rid of
8. ignore (paragraph 4)
A. disregard B. follow
C. remember
9. restricting (paragraph 4)
A. encouraging B. allowing
C. limiting
10. upset (paragraph 5)
A. excited B. tired
C. unhappy
Part 1]
Questions 11--20 are based on Passage 2. (30 points, 3 points each)
Passage 2
Out of Africa
1 When Tegla Loroupe returned home to Kenya from winning the New York City
Marathon in 1994, she was presented with nine cattle, 16 sheep and some land by the
grateful people of her hometown. But it was the words of the ordinary womenfolk which
Loroupe valued the most. "You did a good job," they told her. "You showed us that women
can be successful iust like men. We are not useless."
2 In a country where most people think women are supposed to stay home and care for the
kids, Loroupe's victory meant a lot. It was the first time a black African woman had ever
won a major marathon, and the triumph provided her independence, both financially and
culturally. It also gave her the opportunity to stand up for herself and her Kenyan sisters.
3 Male athletes have made Kenya synonymous with success in long-distance running, but
women are discouraged from competing beyond the age of 16, when they are expected to
start a family. Most people think that if a woman goes out of the country, she will be
spoiled, that she will learn more than the others, and that when they tell her to do
something, she will say no. Due to this situation, Kenyan male runners have gained
international success, while the female runners have been left at home.
4 The Kenyans' success in distance running began at the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico
City, where Kep Keino captured the gold In the 1,S00-meters. The domination by Kenyan
men across all distance running, from road races to cross-country, stems from youngsters
running many miles to school each day, a nutritious diet, the benefits of living at high
altitude and having no diversions from other sports.
5 Loroupe, now 25, recalls her early running days and the discouragement she received
from others. When she ran to school, the men in her tribe would tell her she was wasting
her time. "They didn't want me to do sports," she said. But Loroupe, from a town called
Kapenguria on the Ugandan border, about 400 miles from Nairobi, began running for the
same reason most of the men did -- to avoid being late for school. "If you were late, they
beat you," she said.
6 One of seven children, Loroupe's was a traditional family, and her parents took a long
time to be convinced that she was not wasting her life. They wanted their daughter to give
up the idea of finishing school so she could stay at home and look after her younger siblings.
But she insisted on going and continuing to run even though, as a child, she developed
problems with her lungs.
7 Loroupe's family is a member of the Bokot tribe, nomads who once drove their cattle
across the plains of Kenya. Now they graze them on ranches like the one Loroupe grew up
on. As a child, Loroupe used to chase the family's cattle herd for up to 12 miles, and
looking back on it now, she says it was great training. The more she ran however, the more
distance Loroupe put between herself and the expectations of her society. And having been
overlooked four times by the Kenya Amateur Athletics Association for major championships
both nationally and internationally, she eventually had to travel abroad for opportunities. It
was in Germany that Anne Roberts, the elite-athlete coordinator of the New York City
Marathon, first discovered Loroupe's huge talent.
8 The launching pad for her success began in 1994 when Roberts invited Loroupe to take
part in the New York City Marathon. Winning it gave her the determination and courage to
pursue her dreams, despite the problems back home. Roberts has marvelled at Loroupe's
determination to succeed, and the obstacles she has overcome. "I think she has a very strong
sense of what's fair and what isn't," she said. "when you' re running everywhere, to
school, to get the cows in, all over the thousand acres of farm, and you're running with
your brothers and you're beating them".., she fought long and hard to get out of the
country to compete.
9 Her victories m New York and Rotterdam have smoothed wrinkled relationships back
home. In April 1997, Loroupe won the New York Central Park City Marathon. In October
of the same year, she won the World Half Marathon in Slovakia, setting a world
championship record of i hour, 8 minutes and 14 seconds. Although Loroupe developed a
knee injury from over use during the fall of 1997, she recovered, and in April 1998 she set a
world record of 2 hours, 20 minutes, 47 seconds in the Women's Marathon in Rotterdam.
Now many people expect Loroupe to go further and become the first woman to run under
2:20:00--a barrier only broken by a male marathon runner in 1953, when Britain Jim Peters
clocked 2: 18: 40. These world records and her promising future have changed the attitudes of
Kenyan people.
10 Loroupe now lives in Germany where she shares a house with Tanzanian and Ethiopian
male runners, as well as other Kenyans. These days Loroupe is showing confidence about
her career in running, but is taking it step by step. She trains 100 miles per week, while
many of her rivals log 180 miles. At 25 years of age, she realizes that she is still young and
inexperienced, and knows there is plenty of time. As a Kenyan woman, she knows the
meaning of the words patience and strength, especially patience.
Questions 11--20 Directions:
Read Passage 2 and find which the underlined word (s) in each of the following sentences
refer to.
11. When Tegla Loroupe returned home to Kenya from winning the New York City
Marathon in 1994, she was presented with nine cattle, 16 sheep and some land by the
grateful people of her hometown. (paragraph 1)
12. "You did a good job," they told her. (paragraph 1)
13. It also gave her the opportunity to stand up for herself and her Kenyan sisters.
(paragraph 2)
14. Most people think that if a woman goes out of the country, she will be spoiled,...
(paragraph 3)
15. "They didn't want me to do sports," she said. (paragraph 5)
16. Now they graze them on ranches like the one Loroupe grew up on. (paragraph 7)
17. As a child, Loroupe used to chase the family's cattle herd for up to 12 miles, and
looking back on it now, she says it was great training. (paragraph 7)
18. Winning it gave her the determination and courage to pursue her dreams, despite the
problems back home. (paragraph 8)
19." I think she has a very strong sense of what's fair and what isn't,"__she said.
(paragraph 8)
20. These days Loroupe is showing confidence about her career in running, but is taking it
step by step. (paragraph 10)
Part m
Questions 21--30 are based on Passage 3. (20 points, 2 points each)
Passage 3
Christmas
Christmas is a Christian festival celebrated in memory of the birth of Jesus Christ. The
name derives,from the Old English Chrites Moesse, or Christ's Mass, and the present
spelling probably came into use about the 16th century.
Nearly all Christian churches observe the birth of Christ on December 25. This date was
not set in the West until about the middle of the 4th century and in the East until about a
century later.
Almost from the first, most Christians have regarded Christmas as both a holy day and a
holiday. For Christ's birth brought a new spirit of joy into the world, and from the first
story about the birth of Jesus Christ, man has added endless variations -- not only in words,
but in art, song, dance, and drama -- and has even created special symbolic holiday foods.
Customs of all lands have been added through the centuries, making Christmas today the
greatest folk festival in the world.
The English adapted many older folk festivals to their Christmas. In the Middle Ages,
English Christmases were times of great fun and good cheer and big and vast banquets.
Burning the Yule log was adapted to English custom from the ancient Scandinavian
practice of kindling huge bonfires in honor of the winter solstice -- the shortest day in the
year. The idea of using evergreens at Christmas time also came to England from pre-
Christian northern European beliefs. Celtic and Teutonic tribes honored these plants at their
winter solstice festivals as they regarded them as symbols of eternal life. The evergreen holly
was worshipped as a promise of the sun's return, and some say that Christ's crown of
thorns was made of holly. Legend tells that the berries were once white, but when the crown
was pressed upon Jesus' brow, the drops of blood turned the berries bright red. The
Christmas wreath is thought to have originated from this legend.
Other well-known Christmas customs originated in various lands. While there are many
ideas about the origin of the Christmas tree, it is widely believed that Martin Luther began
the custom in Germany. The sight of an evergreen tree on Christmas Eve, with stars
twinkling above, is said to have made a great impression on him, and he put a similar tree,
decorated with lighted candies, in his home. Some scholars hold that the evergreen tree, a
symbol of life to the non-Christian people, became a symbol of the Savior and thus an
integral part of the celebration of his birth.
The beloved image of Santa Claus as a fat, jolly,~ bearded old man derives from St.
Nicholas, a fourth century Christian bishop of Asia Minor, who was noted for his good
works. The idea of gift-giving associated with this saint spread from Asia Minor to Europe
and was brought to the United States by early Dutch Settlers. The American writer
Washington Irving presented St. Nicholas as a laughing holiday figure. But the image of
Santa in fur-trimmed dress that ultimately captured the imagination was drawn in the United
States by the cartoonist Thomas Nast in 1863.
Christmas has not always been remembered with happiness and good cheer. When the
Puritans came to power in England under Oliver Cromwell in 1642, Christmas celebrations
were banned as evidences of anti-religious. Those who celebrated Christmas would be sent to
prison and be punished. The Puritan tradition was brought to New England, where
Christmas did not become a legal holiday until 1856. Nevertheless, in other areas of the
United States, Christmas was celebrated with joy by immigrants who brought their holiday
traditions from their homelands. It is this tradition of "joy to the world" that today marks
the spirit of Christmas nearly everywhere in the world.
Questions 21--30 Directions.
Read Passage 3 and decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write T for true
and F for false on your answer sheet.
21. Christ's Mass began to be spelt as Christmas probably in the 16 century.
22. Christian churches started to celebrate Christmas on December 25th in the first century.
23. To most Christians, Christmas has always been a holy day and a holiday.
24. The custom of burning the Yule log at Christmas developed from the old British
tradition.
25. The winter solstice means the shortest day in the year.
26. It is widely believed that Martin Luther began the custom of decorating the Christmas
tree at Christmas time.
27. Washington Irving presented St. Nicholas as a serious holiday figure.
28. The image of Santa Claus was created by the famous English cartoonist Thomas Nast in
1863.
29. Before 1856, people in all areas of the United States were allowed to celebrate
Christmas.
30. "Joy to the world" is the spirit of Christmas.
Part IV
Questions 31--35 are based on Passage 4. (20 points, 4 points each)
Passage 4
Changing Lifestyles and New Eating Habits
Americans today have different eating habits than they had in the past. There is a wide
selection of food available. They have a broader knowledge of nutrition, so they buy more
fresh fruit and vegetables than ever before. At the same time, Americans purchase increasing
quantities of sweets, snacks, and sodas.
Statistics show that the way people live determines the way they eat. American
lifestyles have changed. They now include growing numbers of people who live alone, single
parents and children, and double-income families. These changing lifestyles are responsible
for the increasing number of people who must rush meals or sometimes skip them altogether.
Many Americans have less time than ever before to spend preparing food. Partly as a
consequence of this limited time, 60% of all American homes now have microwave ovens.
Moreover, Americans eat out nearly four times a week on the average.
It is easy to study the amounts and kinds of food that people consume. The United
States Department of Agriculture (USDA) and the food industry -- growers, processors,
marketers, and restaurateurs -- compile sales statistics and keep accurate records. This
information not only. tells us what people are eating, but also tells us about the changes in
attitudes and tastes. Red meat, which used to be the most popular choice for dinner, is no
longer an American favorite. Instead, chicken, turkey, and fish have become more popular.
Sales of these foods have greatly increased in recent years. This is probably a result of the
awareness of the dangers of eating food that contains high levds of cholesterol, or animal fat.
Doctors believe that cholesterol is a threat to human health.
According to a recent survey, Americans also change their eating patterns to meet the
needs of different situations. They have certain ideas about which foods will increase their
athletic ability, help them lose weight, make them alert for business meetings, or put them
in the mood for romance. For example, Americans choose pasta, fruit, and vegetables,
which supply them with carbohydrates, to give them strength for physical activity, such as
sports. Adults choose foods rich in fiber, such as bread and cereal, for breakfast, and salads
for lunch to prepare them for business appointments. For romantic dinners, however,
Americans choose shrimp and lobster. While many of these ideas are based on nutritional
facts, some are not.
Americans' awareness of nutrition, along with their changing tastes and needs, leads
them to consume a wide variety of foods -- foods for health, for fun, and simply for good
taste.
Questions 31--3 5 Directions:
Read Passage 4 and answer the following questions. Make your answers as short and clear as
possible.
31. Why do Americans have different eating habits today?
32. How have American lifestyles changed'?
33. What have Americans learned about cholesterol in food?
34. How has the awareness of the danger of cholesterol changed what people eat?
35. What would Americans most probably choose to eat for romantic dinners?
试卷代号：2157
中央广播电视大学2007-2008学年度第二学期"开放专科''期末考试
英语阅读(3) 试题答案及评分标准
(供参考)
2008年7月
Part I (30 points, 3 points each)
1. C 2. A 3. B 4. B 5. A
6. C 7. B 8. A 9. C 10. C
Part ]I (30 points, 3 points each)
11.' Tegla Loroupe
12. the ordinary womenfolk
13. the triumph
14. a woman
15. the men in her tribe
16. their cattle
]7. chase the family's cattle herd for up to 12 miles
18. the New York City Marathon
19. (Anne) Roberts
20. her career in running
Part HI (20 points, 2 points each)
21. T 22. F 23. T 24. F 25. T
26. T 27. F 28. T 29. F 30. T
Part 1V (20 points, 4 points each)
31. Because there is a wide selection of food available and they have a broader
knowledge of nutrition.
32. They now include growing numbers of people who live alone, single parents and
children, and double-income families.
33. It is dangerous to eat food that contains high levels of cholesterol.
34. They prefer chicken, turkey, and fish etc. to red meat.
35. Shrimp and lobster.
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