中央广播电视大学2005-2006学年度第二学期"开放本科"期末考试
英语专业 跨文化交际 试题
2006年7月
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Information for the Examinees:
This examination consists of FOUR sections. These are.
Section I: Listening (20 points, 30 minutes)
Section II: Language Appropriacy (30 points, 20 minutes)
Section III .' Reading Comprehension (20 points, 30 minutes)
Section IV- Communication Analysis (30 points, 40 minutes)
The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time
allowed for completing this examination is 2 hours (120
minutes).
Section I: Listening [20 points-]
Instructions:
The Listening Test will take approximately 30 minutes.
There are TWO parts to the test and you will hear each part twice.
There will be a pause of 30 seconds before each part to allow you to look at your
questions.
There will be a pause of 30 seconds after each part to allow you to think about
your answers.
You can first write your answers on this test paper. After the recordings, you will
have about 10 minutes to transfer your answers to the Answer Sheet.
ALL ANSWERS MUST APPEAR ON THE ANSWER SHEET.
Part 1: Questions 1--5 are based on this part. (10 points)
You are going to listen to an interview. Then choose the best answer from A, B, C and D to
answer each question. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
1. According to the passage, patterns of friendship differ
A. from one class to the other
B. from the different sex
C. from the different age
D. from the education
2. The higher up the social scale you go,
A. the more active you will feel
B. the smaller the number of friends you will see in the course of the week
C. the greater the number of friends you will see in the course of the week
D. the more precious the friendship is
3. The manager of a factory
A. meets more people every day
B. is less likely to have a wider circle of friends than the man on the ~,hop floor
C. is more likely to have a wider circle of friends than the man on the shop floor
D. is less sociable than the man on the shop floor
4. In working class,
A. friends made at work or in the pub are not likely to be asked home for a meal
B. friends made at work must be invited home to cement the friendship
C. friends are invited out of the original setting to the theatre
D. friends are very close to each other
5. The people involved in the media
A. are the group who have the most friends
B. are the most sociable of all
C. are too lazy to make friends
D. are the least sociable of all
Part 2: Questions 6--15 are based on this part. (10 points)
You are going to listen to a lecture on familycommunication. As you listen, fill in the blanks to
complete Sentences 6--15.
Note: Only one word is necessary for eaeh blank.
6. can create misinformation and result in more conflicts to be resolved now
and later.
7. Learning to, accept, and understand feelings can be diffieuh to accomplish.
8. Each person in the family is __
9. Their characteristics have been influenced by a combination of traits and
personal experiences.
10. For everyone though, the goal is to express feelings in a way.
11. Usually people communicate in the way they were __
12. But remember that learning to communicate __ is an ongoing process for both
children and adults.
13. The time spent is well __ the effort.
14. Consider the possibility of two or three family members eating meals together,
gathering to talk, or participating in a activity.
15. When a very __ emotiofi is expressed, il is helpful if the listener restates what
he or she thought was said.
This is the end of the Listening Test
Section I1: Language Appropriacy and Accuracy [30 points]
Instructions: There are altogether 15 statements below. You are offered four choices marked
with A, B, C, and D for each statement. Choose the most appropriate one and put it on the
Answer Sheet.
16. He sat up all night preparing for TOEFL.
A. didn't sleep B. hugged the Buddha~s leg
C. burned the midnight oil D. burned the night oil
17. Sophie went to see her uncle once in a blue moon.
A. unexpectedly B. very rarely
C. very often D. once a month
18. Adam has just graduated from the university, he is a green hand in the marketing
management.
A. works hard B. has a skill in growing plants
C. is wet behind the ears D. is very experienced
19. She couldn't wait to disclaim responsibility for the whole project.
A. take a French leave B. give up
C. wash her hands of D. hide her light under a bushel
20. The English equivalent for the Chinese idiom" ~'t~'~" is
A. the person retreating for 50 feet laughing at the one for a hundred feet
B. the lot calling the kettle black
C. the kettle calling the pot black
D. the jug calling the pot black
21. Ted was feeling sick yesterday, so he decided not to go to work.
A. above the weather
B. below the weather
C. in the weather
D. under the weather
22. I could still remember he was here with his family two years ago, but now he i.,
pushing up the daisies.
A. buried in a grave
B. going to hell
C. kicking the bucket
D. pushing a daisies~ cart up the hill
23. You can take a horse to the water,
A. but you cannot make him walk fast B. but you cannot make him run fast
C. but you cannot make him drink D. but you cannot make him go back
24. It is better to accept something small than to reject it and hope to get more later on.
A. A bird in the hand is worth two in the bush.
B. A goose in the hand is worth two in the bush.
C. A frog in the hand is worth a swan in the sky.
D. A fish in the pot is worth two in the water.
25. The English equivalent for the Chinese proverb "" is
A. It*s no use collecting the spilt water
B. It's no use crying over the spilt water
C. It's no use collecting the spilt milk
D. IUs no use crying over spilt milk
26. Don't come it with me, young man!
A. behave rudely B. go
C. come D. follow
27. --"How did you do on the test?"
--"I think I passed, but I won't know until tomorrow. I'm keeping my fi
erossed! '
A. hoping strongly for the best
B. showing you my crossed fingers
C. hoping you can see my crossed fingers
D. crossing my fingers so that you can have fun
28. --"Can you lend me 10 dollars?"
--"I'm afraid not. I'm broke."
A. I had an accident.
B. I hurt myself.
C. I am breaking myself.
D. I have no money.
29. I often asked Jim lots of questions, for he is as wise as
A. a monkey
B. a rabbit
C. an owl
D. a snake
30. --"I'm sure that l'm going to win a lot of money in Las Vegas."
--"Don't count your chickens until they hatch !"
A. Don't depend on me to help you win.
B. Don't trust you will win.
C. Don't tell me you will win.
D. Don't assume that you will make it until you win the money.
Section II: Reading Comprehension [-20 pointsJ
Part 1: Questions 31--35 are based on this part. (10 points)
Read Passage 1 and then answer Questions 31--35 briefly. Write your answers on the Answer
Sheet.
Passage 1
Expectations for personal relationships differ greatly across cultures. It is important to
know that while most Americans value close friendships, they also value privacy and
independence. From an American perspective to have privacy or to give someone privacy is
considered positive. Yet, when the word "privacy" is translated into other languages (e. g.
Russian, Arabic, and Japanese), it has more of a negative meaning. (In these languages
"privacy" means aloneness or loneliness. ) Therefore, the American's need for privacy is
sometimes judged negatively by those who have not been raised with the value of
individualism. Some Americans are isolated from others because they have taken their
independence and privacy to an extreme. Others simply tike spending time alone or at least
having the freedom to avoid socializing if they choose. Pm P~rgentineart explained to his
American workers that in Argentina he feii pressured to go out with his friends on Friday
and Saturday nights. In the United States, he felt that if he chose to have a quiet evening at
home, no one would ask him, "Why7" Although he missed his friends from his country, he
appreciated the freedom to have more privacy in the United States.
In any true friendship, whatever the culture may be, a person is expected to show
nterest and concern in a friend~ s serious problems. But how does one show this across
:ultures? It is not possible to generalize about Americans because there are so many varieties
)[ Americans, but it is possible to say that many foreigners or newcomers from different
:ultures have felt disappointed by Americans. A common occurrence is when an American
toes not phone or visit as much as the foreigner expects. I[ someone from another culture is
raying a serious problem, Americans may say, "Let me know if there's anything l[ can do to
~elp." If the Americans do not receive a specific request, they may feel that there's nothing
hey can do. In this case, they may call every now and then to stay in touch. The friend from
different culture, on the other hand, may be expecting sympathy calls or frequent visits,
nd may nor hesitate to demonstrate a dependence on a friend. For example, an American
roman reported that a friend from the Middle East who was living in the United States called
[er every day when she only had a cold. Many Americans are uncomfortable when the people
,ecome too dependent.
31. What are Americans' attitudes toward privacy?
32. As far as "privacy" is concerned, how did the Argentinean feel about living in the
USA ?
33. Is a person of any cultural background expected to show interest in a friend's
serious problem?
34. Why do people from different cultures feel disappointed by Americans?
35. What will a person from a different culture do if his American friend is having a
serious problem?
Part 2: Questions 36--40 are based on this part. (10 points)
Read Passage 2 and then decide whether Statements 36--40 are True or False according to the
information given in the passage. Write "T" for true and "F" for false on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 2
Developing cultural competence often involves changing attitudes. Remember that
culture is learned. Through exposure to other cultures and through training, you can learn
new attitudes and behaviors that help bridge gaps between cultures.
One desirable attitude in achieving muhicultural sensitivity is that of tolerance. Close-
minded people cannot look beyond their own ethnocentrism. But as global markets expand
and as our own society becomes increasingly multiethnic, tolerance becomes especially
.~ignificant. Some job descriptions now include statements such as "Must be able to interact
with et!mically diverse personnel."
To improve tolerance, you'li want to practice empathy. This means trying to see the
world through another~ s eyes. It means being less judgmental and more eager to seek
common ground. For example, one of the most ambitious cross-cultural business projects
ever attempted joined Siemens AG, the giant German technology firm, with Toshiba
Corporation 5~Japan and IBM. Scientists from each country worked at the IBM facility on
the Hudson River in New York State to develop a revolutionary computer memory chip. All
sides devoted extra effort to overcoming communication and other problems. The Siemens
employees had been briefed on America ~s "hamburger style of management." When
American managers must criticize subordinates, they generally start with small talk, such as
"How's the family.'?" That, according to the Germans, is the bun on the top of the
hamburger. Then they slip in the meat, which is the criticism. They end with encouraging
words, which is the bun on the bottom. "With Germans," said a Siemens cross-cultural
trainer, "all you get is the meat. And with the Japanese, it is all the soft stuff -- you have to
smell the meat." Along the continuum of high-context, low-context cultures, you can see
that the Germans are more direct, the Americans are less direct, and the Japanese are very
subtle.
Recognizing these cultural differences enabled the scientists to work together with
greater tolerance. They also sought common ground when trying to solve disagreements,
such as one involving workspace. The Toshiba researchers were accustomed to working in
big crowded areas like classrooms where constant supervision and interaction took place. But
IBMers worked in small isolated offices. The solution was to knock out some walls for
cooperative work areas while also retaining smaller offices for those who wanted them.
Instead of passing judgment and telling the Japanese that solitary workspaces are the best
way for serious thinkers to concentrate, the Americans acknowledged the difference in work
cultures and sought common ground. Accepting cultural differences and adapting to them
with tolerance and empathy often results in a harmonious compromise.
36. Culture is learned; you can learn new attitudes and behaviors through training.
37. Empathy, which means trying to see the world through another's eyes, helps you be
more tolerant and less judgmental.
38. American communicators are more direct than the German communicators.
39. According to the Japanese, the solitary workspaces are the best way for serious
thinkers.
40. Accepting and adapting to cuhural differences with tolerance can lead Io harmony in
the workplace.
Section 1V: Communication Analysis [30 points-]
Instructions: The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of
the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for
more successful communication or cultural understanding in each case by answering Questions
41--43 respectively. Your analysis of each case should be 100--150 words. Write your answers
on the Answer Sheet.
Note! Your writing ability will also be assessed in this section of the test.
Case 1 (7 points)
An American tourist and a Chinese couple met for the first time. They are introducing
themselves like this:
American tourist:h is so nice to meet you both here. I'm Lucy Webster. Thank you
very much.
Chinese woman: It's a pleasure, l'm Li Hong, and this is my husband. Welcome to
China, Miss Lucy.
American tourist:Thank you, Mrs. Li. Would both of you like a cup of coffee?
Chinese couple: No, thanks.
Question 41: What went wrong in the case and Why?
Case 2 (10 points)
Zhang Yi, an English major studying at a university in the U. S. , starts out confidently.
At first everything is fine, but gradually she discovers that she is expected to read a whole
book every week for each class! Several courses require term papers longer than the
graduation thesis. The Library is so big and complex and stores so many resources on the
assigned topics that she wonders whether she will manage to do the necessary research.
Zhang Yi-finds she cannot understand the group conversations of her classmates. The
casual joking way in which some of her American classmates talk about their parents and
teachers sounds strange and unbelievable to her. But they sometimes invite her to join in
their social activities, but she has neither the time nor the money.
In the meantime, she gets fetters from her family and friends at home, ,~xpressing their
pride and confidence in her. Her parents tell her to work hard and take care of her health.
She is already studying more hours a day than anyone she knows. She writes to her parents,
but what she tells them is not what she really feels.
In a word, she feels rather frustrated and dismayed and doesn't know bow to cope with
the new life there.
Question 42:
At which stage of the cultural adaptation process is Zhang Yi? Suppose you are her best friend
who knows a lot about cultural interactions. Make a list of strategies you would offer to help her
ease discomfort and improve the probability of her adapting successfully.
Case 3 (13 points)
Sarah and Daniel are a young American couple who are teaching English at Zhejiang
University. They are leaning Chinese and enjoy their new lives. They have been eager to get
to know Chinese people better and so were pleased when Chen Li, their new Chinese
colleague invited them to her home for dinner at one weekend.
When Sarah and Daniel arrived, Chen Li introduced them to her husband Wang Bing,
asked them to sit down at a table containing 8 plates of various cold dishes, served them tea
and then disappeared with her husband into the kitchen. Sarah offered to help in the kitchen
but Chen Li said she didn't need any help.
A half-hour later she came back and sat down and the three began to eat. Wang Bing
came in from time to time to put several hot dishes on the table. Most of the food was
wonder[ul and there was much more than Sarah and Daniel could eat. They wanted Wang
Bing to sit down so that they could talk to him. Finally he did sit down and ate a bit, but
quickly he turned on the TV to show them high tech features. Soon it was time for Sarah and
Daniel to go home.
Sarah and Daniel felt slightly depressed by this experience, but returned the invitation
one month later. They decided to make a nice American meal and felt lucky to find olives,
tomato juice, butter and even some cheese in the hotel shop. They put these out as
appetizers. For the main course they prepared spaghetti and a salad with dressing made from
oil, vinegar, and some spices they found in the market.
When Chen Li and Wang Bing arrived they were impressed by the apartment and the
decorations, and asked about the price of the furniture, paintings, the carpet and other
things. Sarah politely refused to answer their questions. They took small tastes of the
appetizers and ate only a little spaghetti and didn't finish the salad on their plates. Sarah
urged them to eat more but they refused. Sarah and Daniel talked about their families and
asked the Chinese couple about theirs. After a while, Daniel cleared the table and served
coffee and pastries. The Chinese couple didn't drink nor eat too much.
After they left, Sarah and Daniel felt puzzled, because their Chinese guests didn't eat
too much, while they themselves left Chen Li~s home so full.
Question 43:
How does Chinese understanding of the host-guest relationship influence Chen Li and Wang
Bing's way of entertaining Sarah and Daniel.'? How does Sarah and Daniel's understanding of
the host-guest relationship influence their way of treating Chen Li and Wang Bing? What advice
could you give to both couples to help them further their friendship.'?试卷代号：1028
中央广播电视大学2005-2006学年度第二学期"开放本科"期末考试
英语专业 跨文化交际 试题答案及评分标准
(供参考)
2006年7月
Section I: Listening [20 points]
Part 1. (10 points, 2 points each. )
1. A 2. C 3. C 4. A 5. B
Part 2. (10 points, 1 point each. The exact words are required. )
6. Assumptions 7. identify
8. unique 9. inherited
10. positive 11. taught
12. effectively 13. worth
14. favorite 15. intense
Section ]]: Language Appropriacy and Accuracy [30 points]
(30 points, 2 points each. )
16. C 17. B 18. C 19. C 20. B
21. D 22. A 23. C 24. A 25. D
26. A 27. A 28. D 29. C 30. D
Section III: Reading Comprehension [20 points]
Part 1. (10 points, 2 points each. 0.5 point off for each grammar/spelling mistake, but at most
1 point can be deducted for each item for the grammar/spelling mistakes. The exact wording is
not required, but the meaning must be the same. )
31. They qalue privacy and independence. To give someone privacy or to have privacy is
considered positive.
32. He appreciated the freedom to have more privacy in the States.
33. Yes.
34. Because Americans don~t phone or visit as much as the people from other cultures
expect.
35. He will demonstrate a dependence on his friend, calf or pay frequent visits.
Part 2. (10 points, 2 points each. )
36. T 37.2' 38. F 39. F 40. T
Section IV: Communication Analysis [30 points']
Question 41.
Case 1 (7 points, 5 points for the analysis, 2 points for overall language quality. )
1)The American tourist thinks that Li Hong's surname is her husband's surname,
because she is unaware of the fact that in China women still use their own surnames after
marriage.
2)Li thinks that "Miss" is a respectful term of address for any female English speaker,
but unaware of the fact that in America it is not used before someone's first name. She also
mistakes the given name "Lucy" for the surname.
Question 42.
Case 2 (10 points, 8 points for the analysis, 2 points for overall language quality. )
1)Zhang Yi is at the stage of depression or confusion.
2)The first important thing to remember is that everyone in the same situation has to go
through the same experience. It is the normal response to the loss of home culture.
3)Pay attention to the difference withinthe new culture. Try to avoid making broad
generalizations about everybody in the host/new culture. Suspend judgment until you
understand the case carefully. Keep in mind that people in one culture have reasons for their
actions even if you don't understand them.
4)Look for people from China with positive attitudes. Spend some time with or talk to
your Chinese friends in the States who have had the same experience and have successfully
adjusted themselves to the life there.
5)Try to get to know your American classmates and make some American friends by
taking part in the social activities with them. Most Americans are happy to help the
newcomers. So don~t hesitate to ask about anything you don~t understand, yet avoiding
suggestions of criticism or complaint.
6)Reading about the background of the new culture is also of great help in fostering
understanding. Do find some time to read some English novels, travel books, and watch
television, see movies, etc.
Question 43.
Case 3 (13 points; 11 points for the analysis, 2 points for overall language quality. )
l)In China, it is traditional that hosts entertain guests by offering many course of dishes
to show their hospitality, and the number of courses served usually has the connotation of
good luck, e.g. the number "8' sounds like ~, which means getting rich. It is quite
common, especially in cities, that the husband helps a lot in cooking and serving food. Hosts
treat guests, especially distinguished guests, very politely, and guests' offer of help in the
kitchen is normally politely refused. Besides, TV programs often play an important role in
providing entertainment at format family dinner parties. These Chinese conventions help
explain the way Chen Li and Wang Bing entertained Sarah and Daniel.
2)In the West, hosts~ hospitality is not shown by the quality and quantity'of the food,
but by offering their own specialty. They hope their guests would like the food and enjoy
their efforts. The hospitality is also shown by the hosts' accompanying the guests and
having a conversation with them. So both the host and hostess would accompany the guests
to have dinner and have a warm talk together. Guests would not ask any private questions,
such as the price of the furniture, etc. These Western conventions help explain the way
Sarah and Daniel treated Chen Li and Wang Bing. Chen Li and Wang Bing followed the
hinese conversation habit, that's why they asked about the prices, and often Chinese
Jests want to show their cultivation and manners by eating limited amount of food, and this
ay explain why Chen Li and Wang Bing ate only a little food.
3) It is advisable [or both couples to learn each other's culture through experience,
katting, observing and reading. On suitable occasions, e. g. at parties, friendly and
teresting conversations about their respective cultures, such as ways of entertaining
~ests, normal conversation topics and taboos, etc, can be an effective way of understanding
ch other. Through such interactions, their friendship will surely be enhanced.
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