中央广播电视大学2007-2008学年度第二学期"开放本科"期末考试
变化中的英语 试题
2008年7月
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Information for the examinees:
This examination consists of 3 parts. They are:
Part I: Knowledge Test (40 points)
Part II: Reading Test (40 points)
Part III: Writing Test (20 points)
The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time allowed
for completing this examination is 90 minutes.
There will be no extra time to transfer answers to the Answer Sheet;
therefore, you should write ALL your answers on the Answer Sheet
as you do each task.
Part T Knowledge Test(40 points)
Section I Choose the best answer according to what you have learned in this course. (20
points)
1. Angles and Saxons were
A. Latin-speaking Romans
B. French-speaking Normans
C. Germanic peoples
D. Native British peoples
2. made an especially important contribution to the American way of spelling
some English words.
A. Geoffrey Chaucer
B. Benjamin Franklin
C. Noah Webster
D. Jules Verne
3. Prescriptive teaching is about the systems of rules, descriptive study is about
A. local standards
B. written English instead of oral English
C. different ways to teach a foreign language
D. the language itself
4. Pidgin means a language, used only for purposes of trade. It is said to come from a
pronunciation of the English word "business".
A. Latin B. Greek
C. American D. Chinese
5. Saying that all languages are equal is rather like saying that people are all equal. It
means that people are actually not all equal,
A. and so are all languages B. but all languages are not
C. but all languages are equal D. nor are all languages
6. In the are who were born in Britain, North America, Australia, etc
and are of British descent.
A. Outer Circle... English users
B. Inner Circle... native speakers
C. Expanding circle... English users
D. Outer Circle... native speakers
7. The language of International Air Traffic Control is
A. English
B. Swedish
C. Danish
D. Japanese
8. According to the Quirk view, some teachers in schools in Britain have felt unable to
correct their students' faulty English, because they
A. were afraid of making students feel humiliated and resentful
B. were uncertain what was, and was not, correct
C. did not want to spend time correcting the students' mistakes
D. thought students would not learn from the correction of their mistakes
9. When people talk about an individual's 'language repertoire' they mean
A. the range of languages a person can speak
B. the person can speak English and one other foreign language
C. the person speaks their native language and English
D. the person speaks a range of languages including English
10. Which of the following statements is NOT true of new words in English?
A. Many old words are used with new meanings.
B. Many words are created from the initial letters of several words.
C. Some words are borrowed from other languages.
D. Some words are the creations of computers.
Section 2 True or False (20 points)
Decide the following statements to be True (T) or False (F) according to what you have learned from the course.
11. London Cockney is an example of an English dialect.
12. EL1 is English as a mother tongue (first language); ESL is English as a second
language; EFL is English as a foreign language.
13. Latin is a living language, and it lives in modern European languages.
14. English belongs to a big language family called the Indo-Tibetan family.
15. Natural languages are full of ambiguity, but English is an exception, that is why
English is the language of international air traffic control.
16. Chinese belongs to the Sino-Japanese language family.
17. In general it is easier to learn a new language that belongs to the same family than
one that belongs to another family.
18. British English and American English are mutually intelligible.
19. ELT started to be a profession and a business in Britain as early as the 19th century.
20. Almost everyone has a much larger productive than receptive knowledge of
vocabulary.
Part II Reading Test (40 points)
Passage 1 (Questions 21--25)
Read the following passage, and decide whether the statements are T (True) or F (False).
Write your answers against the numbers on your Answer Sheet.
African American Vernacular English (sometimes called Ebonies, and formerly called
Black English) is a major social speech type. It refers to the variety of American English
most shaped by African American culture. Historically, African American English has
probably drawn some features from plantation creoles, but has drawn many more characteristics from the Southern American English associated with plantation culture.
Speakers of African American Vernacular English generally do not pronounce r after
vowels, so that "door" may sound like doe, or "poor" like poe. Words like "this" and "that"
may be pronounced / dis / and / dat/. Groups of consonants at the ends of words are often
reduced to a single consonant, as for instance in the pronunciation of "sold" as sole, or
"walked" as walk. It is common for the linking verb, usually a form of the verb to be, not to
appear in such sentences as He happy or She doctor. The use of be in the sentence He be
sick, on the other hand, means that he has often been sick, or has been sick over a period of
lime.
During and after the Great Depression of the 1930s, many African Americans left farms
in old plantation areas and moved to cities in search of work and opportunity. They
maintained a strong common culture in the cities because of segregated housing, and African
American Vernacular English was maintained as well, although some African American
communities began to develop more local speech characteristics.
As more and more African Americans moved away from segregated housing, they had
less connection to the vernacular and more occasion to use other regional or social speech
characteristics or to speak standard American English. Experts disagree about whether
African American Vernacular English is becoming more different from regional and social
varieties of standard English or more like these varieties.
21. African American Vernacular English is strongly influenced by the Southern
American English characteristic of plantation culture.
22. Speakers of African American Vernacular English, according to'the passage, are
most likely to pronounce worked as works.
23. In the 1930s, African American Vernacular English was brought to urban areas and
still maintained afterwards, because many of its speakers, after moving there,
merged into new communities quickly.
24. The future of African American Vernacular is still controversial in academic circles.
25. The phrase "shaped by" in paragraph 1 most probably means "influenced by".
Passage 2 (Questions 26--30)
Read the following passage, and answer the questions after the passage.
Socioleets are dialects determined by social factors rather than by geography. Sociolects
often develop due to social divisions within a society, such as those of socioeconomic class
and religion. In New York City, for example, the probability that someone will pronounce
the letter r when it occurs at the end of a syllable, as in the word fourth, varies with
socioeconomic class. The pronunciation of a final r in general is associated with members of
higher socioeconomic classes. The same is true in England of the pronunciation of h, as in
hat. Members of certain social groups often adopt a particular pronunciation as a way of
distinguishing themselves from other social groups. The inhabitants of Martha's Vineyard,
Massachusetts, for example, have adopted particular vowel pronunciations to distinguish
themselves from people vacationing on the island.
Slang, argot, and jargon are more specialized terms for certain social language varieties
usually defined by their specialized vocabularies. Slang refers to informal vocabulary,
especially short-lived coinages, that do not belong to a language' s standard vocabulary.
Argot refers to a nonstandard vocabulary used by secret groups, particularly criminal
organizations, usually intended to make communications incomprehensible to outsiders. A
jargon comprises the specialized vocabulary of a particular trade or profession, especially
when it is incomprehensible to outsiders, as with legal jargon.
Slang is one of the vehicles through which languages change and become ;renewed, and
its vigor and color enrich daily speech. Although it has gained respectability in the 20th
century, in the past it was often loudly condemned as vulgar. Nevertheless, Shakespeare
brought into acceptable usage such slang terms as hubbub, to bump, and to dwindle, and
20th-century writers have used slang brilliantly to convey character and ambience. Slang
appears at all times and in all languages. A person's head was kapala (dish) in Sanskrit,
testa (pot) in Latin; testa later became the standard Latin word for head. Among Western
languages, English, French, Spanish, Italian, German, Yiddish, Romanian, and Romani
(Gypsy) are particularly rich in slang.
In addition to language varieties defined in terms of social groups, there are language
varieties called registers that are defined by social situation. In a formal situation, for
example, a person might say, "You are requested to leave," whereas in an informal situation
the same person might say, "Get out!" Register differences can affect pronunciation,
grammar, and vocabulary.
26. Sociolects are dialects defined by__
A. regional difference
B. socioeconomic difference
C. racial difference
D. political difference
27. According to Paragraph 1, pronunciation can give signals about a spealker'ss
A. wealth level
B. place of birth
C. socioeconomic class
D. political view
28. Slang and argot, according to the passage, are similar in that
A. neither is brought into acceptable usage
B. both are condemned as vulgar
C. both are used by low socioeconomic class
D. neither belongs to standard vocabulary
29. Argot and jargon, according to the passage, are similar in that
A. neither is easily understood by outsiders
B. both are nonstandard English
C. neither is used by people of higher social class
D. both are respectable varieties of Standard English
30. Registers are language varieties defined by__
A. socioeconomic groups
B. social situations
C. language slyles
D. audience of language used
Passage 3 (Questions 31--35)
Read the following conversation, and answer the questions after the conversation.
Professor What made you decide to be a teacher Steven? Did you ever consider a different
career?
Steven Oh yes. I seriously thought about journalism. And at one stage I wanted a
medical career -- I thought of training as a doctor. And then I thought -- I
know this sounds conceited -- that I could do a better job as a teacher than the people did who taught me!
Li Yen Were you not happy at school Steven? I thought all English children enjoyed their school !
Steven Well, you have to remember, Li Yen, that I was at school some time ago.
Things are different now. When I was at school in the North of the country,
where we lived, you took an exam when you were eleven, and that decided the
sort of school you went to.
Li Yen How extraordinary!
Steven Yes, well, things are different now. Anyway, I passed the exam and I went to a
Grammar School. Grammar Schools were thought to be the best sort, and my
parents were delighted. So was I -- at first.
Professor So you didn't enjoy being at your secondary school?
Steven Not really. I was a country boy in a city school. They thought I spoke with a
rough country accent. The other boys -- city boys -- teased me. The teachers
made it quite clear that my way of speaking English wouldn't do! I had to learn
to speak with a Received Pronunciation- or something like it! There were some
non-standard features in my grammar too -- those had to go!
Li Yar I've often wondered if native speakers of English could switch from one regional
variety to another.
Steven Well, not easily, but I learned and I suppose I learned quite quickly, but I never
really made up for those first miserable months. And in the evenings, you see, I
went home, and I had to switch back again. I often made mistakes.
Professor Of course you would. Surely everyone realized that?
Steven Well no, they didn't. My teachers thought I was just careless. The people at
home thought I was getting conceited, and that I thought I was too good for
them! It was much harder than learning French. I was doing that at the same
time of course.
Li Yah And how about home work?
Steven That was all right. I got good grades from the start. I'd been writing Standard
English from the time that I began to learn to read and write in my Primary
School.
31. Steven thinks saying that sounds conceited.
A. being a teacher is better than a doctor
B. being a doctor is better than a teacher
C. he can be a better teacher than his teachers at the time
D. he can be the best doctor in the country
32. The secondary school Steven went to was
A. in the North of the country
B. a Grammar School
C. the best secondary school in the country
D. a Public School
33. The aspect of Steven's pronunciation which the teacher didn't like is
A. the Received Pronunciation
B. the non-standard grammar he used
C. the regional accent in his speech
D. the typical voice he spoke English
34. Steven became bi-dialectal because
A. he spoke RP at school and his dialect at home
B. he learned to speak correctly quite quickly
C. he was thought to be conceited by his family
D. he could speak both English and French
35. Steven got good grades at study because
A. he was very intelligent
B. he worked hard to get rid of his grammar mistakes
C. he had learned to write Standard English since his primary school
D. he started to learn English earlier than the other children
Passage 4 (Questions 36--40)
Read the following passage, and decide whether the statements are T (True) or F (False).
Write your answers against the numbers on your Answer Sheet.
The common experience of having a name or word on the tip of the tongue seems related
to specific perceptual associations. In particular, people who report the tip-of-the-tongue
feeling tend to identify the word's first letter and numbers of syllables with an accuracy that
is far more than guessing. There is evidence that the mind may store data about when
information was learned and about how often it has been experienced. Some memories seem
to include spatial information: e. g. , one remembers a particular news item to be on the
lower right-hand side of the front page of a newspaper. Research indicates that the rate of
forgetting varies for different associations. For example, memories in which hearing
associations seem dominant tend to be more rapidly forgotten than those with fewer hearing
associations.
If a target memory consists of a collection of associations, its recall should be made more
possible by any remindcr that indicates one of the associations. For example, on failing to
recall the term horse included in a list they have just seen, people may be asked if an
associated term (say, barn or zebra) helps them to recall the word. While some additional
recall bas been observed with this kind of help, failures are common even with reminder of
seemingly relevant associations. Though it is possible that the reminders frequently are
inappropriate, nevertheless, if words were not learned or stored with accompanying
associations, reminders of any kind should be ineffective.
36. The passage mainly discusses recalling and associations.
37. It can be concluded from the passage that all stored words are memorized with
spatial associations.
38. According to the passage, words learned with few associations will be remembered
with difficulty.
39. The recalling of words can be always successful if relevant reminders are used.
40. According to the author, it's most important to learn or store words with
associations.
Part HI Writing Test (20 points)
Write short notes according to what you have learned in the course. (10 points for each one)
41. Please explain the style of Science English.
42. Name at least 5 approaches to ELT methodology.
试卷代号：1029
中央广播电视大学2007-2008学年度第二学期"开放本科"期末考试
变化中的英语 试题答案及评分标准
(供参考)
2008年7月
Part I Knowledge Test (40 points)
~ Two points for each item.
1. C 2. C 3. D 4. D 5. D
6. B 7. A 8. A 9. A 10. D
11. T 12. T 13. F 14. F 15. F
16. F 17. T 18. T 19. F 20. F
Part H Reading Test (40 points)
~ Two points for each item.
21. T 22. F 23. F 24. T 25. T
26. B 27. C 28. D 29. A 30. B
31. C 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. C
36. T 37. F 38. T 39. F 40. T
Part HI Writing Test (20 points )
For reference:
41. ( Award a maximum of 10 points for any 5 of the following, 2 points for each correct
idea expressed)
1)Science English is difficult for the ordinary users of English.
2)The style is remote and is impersonal.
3)The topics of the sentences are very often abstract.
4)The passive voice is used very frequently.
5)The style makes people feel they are looked down by the writer.
6) The writers assume large areas of shared knowledge.
42. (Award a maximum of 10 points for any 5 of the following, 2 points for each correct
idea expressed)
1)ELT based on English literature and culture
2) Pattern practice
3)Language Lab Practice
4)Vocabulary for everyday use
5)Language teaching based on psychology and linguistics
6)A communicative approach to ELT
7) Error Analysis
8)English for Specific purpose
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