中央广播电视大学2008-2009学年度第一学期"开放本科"期末考试
高级职业英语 试题
2009年1月
注 意 事 项
一、将你的学号、姓名及分校(工作站)名称填写在答题纸的规定栏内。考试结束后，把试卷和答题纸放在桌上。试卷和答题纸均不得带出考场。
二、仔细阅读题目的说明，并按题目要求答题。答案一定要写在答题纸指定的位置上，写在试卷上的答案无效。
三、用蓝、黑圆珠笔或钢笔答题，使用铅笔答题无效。
Information for the examinees:
This examination consists of three sections. They are:
Section I: Listening Test (30 points, 20 minutes)
Section II: Reading Test (50 points, 40 minutes)
Section Ⅲ: Writing Test (20 points, 30 minutes)
The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time allowed
for completing this examination is 90 minutes.
Section I: Listening Test 30 points
Instructions:
~ The Listening Test will take approximately 20 minutes.
~ There are two parts to the test and you will hear each part twice.
~ There will be a pause of 30 seconds after each part to allow you to think about your
answers.
~ You can first write your answers on this test paper. You will have a few minutes at
the end of the test to transfer your answers Io the Answer Sheet.
~ ALL ANSWERS MUST APPEAR ON THE ANSWER SHEET.
Part 1: Questions 1--10 are based on this part. 10 points
Listen to this conversation in which two friends are looking around a school. Listen carefully
and fill in the blanks 1--10 in the following summary.
Teaching Technology
Definition
Language laboratory
Classroom with (1) equipment
Visualiser
(2) version of an overhead projector
Interactive (3)
Combination of PC, projector and a screen
Virtual learning environment
Online (4)
E- Learning
Includes mobile (5) and MP3
players
(6) dictionary
More portable but not as reliable as
traditional dictionaries
Google picture search
Images to use for (7) items
Email pen pal
Someone in another (8) you can
write to and exchange views with
A multimedia class
Interesting and topical classes using (9) materials
ICT
Information (10) Technology
Part 2: Questions 11--20 are based on this part. 20 points
You are going to hear a description of chocolate making. As you listen, fill in the missing
words.
Chocolate is made from cocoa beans. The process is a (11) one and the quality
of the chocolate produced can (12) considerably. Vegetable fats are often used in
the production of. cheaper (13) of chocolate. High quality chocolate is made from
(14) ingredients. First, the cocoa beans are scooped out of their pods. They are
then fermented and dried. Next, they are roasted to bring out the flavour. This roasting
stage creates a (15) chocolaty aroma. After the cocoa beans have been roasted,
they are shelled and then crushed to make a dark paste which is the all important
(16) for chocolate. The paste then is enriched with extra cocoa butter. Next, it is
(17) with sugar and usually flavoured with vanilla. After that, the (18) is
rolled and then conched to make it smooth. The longer it is conched, the (19) it
becomes. The chocolate is then cooled under controlled conditions. Finally, it is moulded to
form the (20) shapes.
Section 1I: Reading Test 50 points
Part 1: Questions 21--30 are based on the following passage. 20 points
Passage 1
New forms of imprisonment for criminals
Over the past twenty years some people who have been found guilty of committing a
crime in the US, in England arid in some states in Australia have been sentenced to a new
form of imprisonment. They have been committed to Home Detention. Sometimes this is also
called ttome Imprisonment. This means that instead of going to gaol, which is an
institutional prison, they have to spend their period of detention at home. Their home
beeomes their prison.
The form of home imprisonment varies in each country or state. Sometimes the prisoner
goes straight to home detention after leaving the court. This is called front end detention.
Sometimes the prisoner goes to gaol for the first three quarters of his or her sentence, and
then spends the last few months of imprisonment at home. This is called a back end form of
home imprisonment.
Usually, home based prisoners wear electronic tags so that their movements can be
monitored. If they move more than 150 metres from their telephone, the police are informed,
the prisoner is arrested and sent to gaol not only to finish their sentence but also to serve
extra time for breaking the conditions of their home imprisonment contract.
There are usually four reasons given for the introduction of the new punishment of home
detention. First, it is cheaper than gaol, the cost of keeping a prisoner in gaol in Australia,
for example, is about 60,000 dollars. Second, the prisoner is less likely to lose his or her job
and can keep paying the family's bills. Third, gaols are sometimes called 'universities of
crime~ because prisoners learn how to become more skilful criminals by talking with other
prisoners. Finally, it is argued that imprisonment in gaol is a punishment for the family of
the prisoner because the children are deprived of contact with their imprisoned parent, and
because the children, partners and parents of prisoners have to pay too much out of their
income to visit gaols.
However, there are concerns about home imprisonment. People are worried that
prisoners will find it easy to escape. Civil rights representatives say that prisoners who have
no family will not have an equal chance to avoid gaol. Others say if the home is a prison,
then the family of the prisoner might have two problems: they might have to act as a kind of
unpaid prison officer to control the offender. Secondly, a home in which one family member
is imprisoned is likely to become a very stressful place and they will suffer that stress.
Questions 21--30: Mark the following statements as being T(true) or F(false) according to the
passage on the Answer Sheet:
21. Home Detention is also called Home Imprisonment.
22. Gaol is an institutional prison.
23. Home Detention systems have not yet been introduced in England.
24. The US, England and Australia have all introduced exactly the same form of Home
Detention.
25. Home Detention is usually seen to be more expensive than institutional
imprisonment.
26. Gaols are sometimes called'universities of crime'.
27. Offenders in Home Imprisonment programmes often wear electronic tags so that
their movements can be monitored.
28. In the back end system of Home Detention the offender goes to gaol for part of the
punishment.
29. There are no criticisms of the Home Detention system.
30. Families of prisoners can find life difficult when offenders are imprisoned at home.
Part 2: Questions 31--35 are based on this part. 10 points
Passage 2
Junk food diet still served up at schools
A survey has found that children between the ages of 10 and 15 are surviving on a diet of
crisps, chips and chocolate bars washed down with soft drinks. Fruit and vegetable
consumption is inadequate, and many of them are not getting vital nutrients.
Around 45% of all schoolchildren eat school meals each day but nutritional standards
introduced in 2001 to improve their diets have had little impact, the survey shows.
Although menus from the schools indicated that caterers are meeting the standards
specifying how frequently certain foods must be offered, children are still choosing the least
healthy options.
The survey asked 246 children aged between 10 and 15 at eight primary and nine
secondary schools to keep detailed food diaries. The school meals reported in the diaries were
repetitive and often read like fast food menus. Pizza, chicken nuggets, and fishcakes were
among the most popular main courses.
The children ate an average of just two portions of fruit or vegetables a day, despite
government advice that they should eat five to reduce the risk of cancer or heart disease. The
older boys in the sample managed only one portion.
School meals contributed less than one portion of fruit and vegetables a day to the
children's diets, which were high in fat, sugar and salt, and low in fibre, iron, zinc and
other nutrients essential to growth.
"Children's eating habits are a real cause for concern. Today they eat 30 times more soft
drinks and 25 times as much confectionery as they did in 1950," said researcher Rachel
Clemons. "For many children their main meal of the day is the school meal. If they are not
eating the right food there, it has a real impact on their health."
The survey also makes clear that health education is not enough to change children's
habits. Most of those who kept diaries were able to identify foods that were good for them,
naming fruit, vegetables, pasta and fish as things they should eat more often.
They also knew that poor diets could lead to weight problems and damage their teeth.
Some gave examples of diseases with dietary links such as diabetes, heart disease and cancer~
Nevertheless they chose fatty and sugary foods first.
A Consumers 'Association policy review says the food industry is responsible for
encouraging children and parents to make unhealthy choices through the irresponsible
marketing of some of their products.
British children see the highest number of television commercials in Europe, watching
on average 17 adverts an hour, of which 10 are likely to be for food. Of those adverts, nine
are likely to be for products which are high in fat, sugar, and/or salt. ,
Questions 31--35: Choose the best answer among the choices given according to the meaning in
the text. Write down the letter representing your chosen answer in the space provided on the
Answer Sheet.
31. According to the passage, children between the ages of 10 and 15
A. have sweet tooth and like fast food B. like to eat fruit and vegetables
C. get adequate nutrients D. like to wash with soft drinks
32. Children always eat the food
A. the nutritional standards specify
B. they themselves choose
C. caterers like to provide themselves
D. that is most healthy
33. were high in fat, sugar and salt, and low in fiber, iron, and zinc.
A. Children's diets at school
B. Two portions of fruit and vegetables a day
C. The nutrients needed by children
D. Children's diaries at school
34. According to the surveys health education is not enough to change children's eating
habits because
A. they didn't go to health education classes
B. they couldn't understand health education classes
C. most of them knew what they should eat more often
D. they didn't know what poor diets could lead to
35. According to the review, what is NOT responsible for encouraging children to make
mhealthy food choices?
A. The food industry. B. TV commercials in Europe.
C. Marketing of unhealthy food. D. Consumers'Association.
Dart 3: Questions 36--40 are based on this part. 20 points
Passage 3
Hospital crisis mounts
Concern is mounting over the increasing number of hospital casualty units that have
been forced to close down around the country. The Department of Health has received
reports of a 'catastrophic situation' from representatives of casualty units. They attribute
the problem to increasing numbers of patients and fewer doctors than ever before.
General staff shortages, a change in the rules for training junior doctors and abuse of the
health service by both doctors in general practice (GPs) and patients have been identified as
major contributory factors.
Managers of one Welsh hospital blame the crisis on the shortage of junior doctors while
consultants at the same hospital suggest the roots of the problem are more complex. The
recent closure of some accident and emergency units (A&E) has given rise to the great
pressure on those which are treating the extra patients.
The reduction in bed numbers in many hospitals often means that patients who are
treared in A&E cannot be admitted to the main hospital wards. London hospitals frequently
have to send patients elsewhere because they cannot take any more admissions. The pressure
on A&E units is worsened by GPs sending patients there unnecessarily in order to avoid
having to pay for services such as X-rays from general practice funds.
In recent weeks, several hospitals have had to appeal to patients to stay away from
casualty units unless they genuinely have no other alternatives. As a result of the very
stressful working conditions, junior doctors' motivation to work in A~E has decreased,
leaving casualty units--which require high staffing levels for 24-hour cover -- short of
doctors. The long working hours and stress that doctors now experience is also causing more
and more of them to leave the profession. Hospitals report difficulties in recruiting junior
doctors and say that they are often unable to fill posts despite nation-wide advertising.
Francis Lockley, a member of the British Association of Accident and Emergency
Medicine has described the situation as catastrophic. "Units all over the country will be
forced to close down at night, or for several hours during the day. Some will simply be
unable to function. '
Government representatives will meet representatives from the British Medical
Association later this week to discuss the matter.
Questions 36--40: Answer the following questions based on the text you have just read.
36. Why have the increasing number of hospital casualty units been forced to close
down?
37. Who are blamed for the abuse of the health service?
38. Why do the GPs send patients unnecessarily to A&E units according to the writer?
39. Do the junior doctors want to work in A&E units? Why?
40. In what ways will A&E units all over the country function?
Section Ill: Writing Test 20 points
Write a description of your job. You may write about your roles and responsibilities, your
working environment, and the stress levels of your work. You may use "My Job" as the title of
the composition, but you may also make a title of your own if it reflects better of what you
choose to write on the topic.
卷代号：1016
中央广播电视大学2008-2009学年度第一学期"开放本科"期末考试
高级职业英语 试题答案及评分标准
(供参考)
2009年1月
tion I KEY TO LISTENING TEST
Total = 30 points
1
audio (One point for each correct answer in Questions 1--10)
2
Modern
3
whiteboard
4
classroom
5
phones
6
Electronic
7
vocabulary
8
country
9
downloaded
10
Communication
11
complex (Two points for each correct answer in Questions 11--20)
12
vary
13
brands
14
superior
15
delicious
16
base
17
sweetened
18
mixture
19
smoother
20
required
Section II KEY TO READING TEST
Total = 50 points
21
T (Two points for each correct answer in Questions 21--35. )
22
T
23
F
24
F
25
F
26
T
27
T
28
T
29
F
30
T
31
A
32
B
33
A
34
C
35
D
36
Because there are increasing numbers of patients and fewer doctors than ever before. (Four points for each correct answer in Questions 36--40. NB ideas more important than exact words. )
37
Both the doctors and patients.
38
They want to avoid having to pay for services such as X-rays from general practice funds.
39
No. Because they have to work long hours and under stress.
40
They will be forced to close down at night, or for several hours during the day. Some will simply be unable to function.
Section HI WRITING (20 points)
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