There are 10 questions in this part. Each question is followed by four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the correct answer to each of the questions and write your answer at the corresponding place on the ANSWER SHEET. (20 points)
1. Which of the following was NOT one of the three forces that led to the modern development of Europe?
A. The growth of capitalism.
B. The Renaissance.
C. The Religious Reformation.
D. The spiritual leadership of the Roman Catholic Church.
2. Which of the following is not the only a power of the president?
A. The president can veto any bill passed by Congress.
B. The president has the authority to appoint federal judges when vacancies occur.
C. The president can make laws.
D. The president has broad powers, with the executive branch, to issue regulations and directives regarding the work of the federal departments.
3. The US had the first standard paper currency in __________.
A. 1839
B. 1880
C. 1863
D. 1913
4. Which of the following is NOT regarded as one of the three basic religious beliefs?
A. Protestant.
B. Catholics.
C. Islamic.
D. Judaism.
5. Mark Twain’s works are characterized by the following except __________.
A. sense of humor
B. egotism
C. jokes
D. tall tales
6. Which of the following subjects are NOT offered to elementary school students?
A. Mathematics and language
B. Politics and business education
C. Science and social studies
D. Music and physical education
7. Black Americans sang the anthem of the civil rights movement, “__________” affirming their commitment to fight racial prejudice.
A. “Let it all hang out”
B. “Hell, no we won’t go.”
C. “We shall overcome”
D. “Speak your heart without interruption”
8. Three of the following changes among many blacks took place after 1960s. Which of them is Not true?
A. Blacks felt more and more confident that they would be fully integrated into the mainstream of American life.
B. Blacks felt that the black community ought to coexist with other groups.
C. Blacks felt that “black is beautiful”.
D. Blacks felt more and more proud of themselves.
9. According to the author, the person who was to be credited with developing the “American system of production” in the early 19th century was __________.
A. Eli Whitney
B. John H Hall
B. Thomas Edison
C. Henry Ford
10. The American foreign policy up to WW II can be described as __________.
A. containment
B. swinging between containment and interventionism
C. swinging between isolationism and internationalism
C. unilateralism
Section Two
There are altogether 20 blanks in the following sentences. Fill in the blanks and write your
answers at the corresponding places on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points)
1. Columbus discovered the __________ in the year of ____________.
2. The US federal government consists of the following three branches: ____________, _____________ and ____________.
3. One advantage of corporation over sole proprietorship and partnership is that it has ___________, so investors risked only the amount of their __________ and not their entire ____________.
4. According to the John Locke, the right to govern comes from an agreement or ___________ voluntarily entered into by free people.
5. In 1852, a New England woman named Harriet Beecher Stowe wrote a novel titled __________, which intensified the political debate on __________.
6. About 90 percent of American students go to __________ schools and 10 percent attend ________ schools.
7. On February 1, 1960, 4 black students from a black college in ___________, North Carolina, began their protest against the racial segregation laws by such tactics as___________, thus beginning ______________ movement.
8. American society is a stratified one in which ____________, ____________ and ___________ are unequally distributed among the population.
9. Some children are familiar with Whitney’s development of the system of _________ production of weapons with __________.
10. Up to the Second World War, American foreign policy can be described as a swinging between __________ and ______________.
Section Three
There are 10 questions in this part. Decide whether each statement is true or false. Put a T for true and a F for false onto the answer sheet. (20 points, 2 for each)
1. George Washington, Benjamin Franklin, and Abraham Lincoln were regarded as the founding fathers of the United States of America.
2. The idea of checks and balances as a way of restricting government power and preventing its abuse was first provided in the Federalist Papers.
3. One reason for America’s affluence is that a lot of people have inherited wealth from their parents.
4. Today many Jewish people don’t think of themselves as ethnically Jewish anymore and have adopted a secular, non-religious outlook.
5. After publishing her novel The Awakening, Kate Chopin continued to write and established herself as a major American woman writer.
6. Harvard College was originally founded to train government officials.
7. A great moment for the civil rights movement was the March on Washington on August, 1963 when one-quarter million blacks and whites stood together to hear President John F. Kennedy’ famous “I have a dream” speech.
8. Corruption in the United States takes the form of fraud, false advertising, corporate price fixing, bribery, embezzlement, and tax evasion.
9. Radio was a place where lots of advertisements were placed for products to feed a growing consumerism in America merging after World War I.
10. After the Korean War, the United States made necessary adjustment and adopted a strategy of contraction.
Section Four:
Explain the following 5 proper names in no more than five sentences. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (30 points, 6 for each)
1. the first English settlement in North America
2. Eli Whitney
3. Transcendentalists
4. Greensboro Sit in:
5. “The Wizard of Menlo Park”
《英语国家概况(2)》专科模拟试题2 答案
Section One: (20 points , 2 each)
1. D 2. C 3. C 4. C 5. B 6.B 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C
Section Two: (30 points, 1.5 each blank)
1. New World; 1492
2. the executive; the legislative; the judicial
3. limited liability; investment; assets
4. social contract
5. Uncle Tom’s Cabin; slavery
6. public; private
7. Greensboro; sit-ins; the civil rights
8. power; wealth; prestige
9. mass; interchangeable parts
10. isolationism; interventionism
Section Three: (20 points, 2 each)
1. F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5. F
6. F 7.F 8.T 9.T 10.F
Section Four: (30 points, 6 each)
1. the first English settlement in North America
The first English permanent settlement was organized in 1607 by the London Company with a charter from the English king. The colonists settled in Virginia and survived by imposing strict discipline on themselves and by transplanting tobacco into the colony of Virginia. In 1619, the settlers elected their delegates and set up the House of Burgesses, and the same time they bought and black servants. These two events greatly influenced the political and social development of the United States later.
2. Eli Whitney
Eli Whitney is an American inventor who invented the cotton gin, which made removing the seed from the bolls of cotton much easier. He also began manufacturing rifles with machinery, using interchangeable part. This contributed to the American system of mass production.
3. Transcendentalists
In his book Nature, Emerson claimed that by studying and responding to nature individuals coo reach a higher spiritual state without formal religion. A circle of intellectuals who were discontents with the New England establishment gathered around Emerson. They accepted Emerson's theories about spiritual transcendence. They are known as Transcendentalists.
4. Greensboro Sit in:
On February 1.1960,4 freshmen from a black college in Greensboro. North Carolina, sat down at a department lunch counter and ordered coffee. When refused, they continued to sit at the counter, openly defying the segregation law prevailing in the state. The next day, more students joined them. Thus began the civil rights movement, which spread from the south to the north. Later, this quiet "sit in" became the major nonviolent direct action tactics to be used by black civil rights activists.
5. “The Wizard of Menlo Park”
It refers to Thomas Alva Edison. Edison was the most famous of all American inventors. Among his many important inventions are electric lamps, phonograph, motion pictures and parallel circuit. As he was so clever and talented and his workplaces were located in Menlo Park, New Jersey, he earned the fond title “the Wizard of Menlo Park”.
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