14.Which figure of speech is used in the following lines by Martin Luther King?
“With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.”
A. Metaphor B. Parallelism C. Simile D. Personification
15. In his essay “Of studies”, Bacon classified books thus: “Some books are to be _______,
others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and ________”.
A. tasted, skimmed
B. skimmed, scanned
C. scanned, perfected
D. tasted, digested
Part II Reading Comprehension [50 points]
Read the extracts and give brief answers to the questions below.
Text 1
Nobody ever stopped him in the street to say, with gladsome looks, ‘My dear Scrooge, how are you? When will you come to see me?’ No beggars implored him to bestow a trifle, no children asked him what it was o’clock, no man or woman ever once in all his life inquired the way to such and such a place, of Scrooge. Even the blind men’s dogs appeared to know him; and when they saw him coming on, would tug their owners into doorways and up courts; and then would wag their tails as though they said, ‘No eye at all is better than an evil eye, dark master.’
(A Christmas Carol)
Questions (10 points)
16. Why wouldn’t children like to ask Scrooge the time?
17. What is the reaction of the blind men’s dogs when they encountered Scrooge?
Text 2
“Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone”
…
He was my North, my South, my East and West,
My working week and my Sunday rest,
My noon, my midnight, my talk, my song;
I thought that love would last for ever: I was wrong.
The stars are not wanted now: put out every one;
Pack up the moon and dismantle the sun;
Pour away the ocean and sweep up the wood.
For nothing now can ever come to any good.
Questions (10 points)
18. What does the poet mean by the line “He was my North, my South, my East and West，/My working week and my Sunday rest, / My moon, my midnight, my talk, my song”?
19. Identify the key verbs the poet uses to call for things to be got rid of.
Text 3
Lady Bracknell:… What is your income?
Jack: Between seven and eight thousand a year.
Lady Bracknell (makes a note in her book): In land, or in investments?
Jack: In investments, chiefly.
Lady Bracknell: That is satisfactory. What between the duties expected of one during one’s lifetime, and the duties exacted from one after one’s death, land has ceased to be either a profit or a pleasure. It gives one position, and prevents one from keeping it up. That’s all that can be said about land.
Jack: I have a country house with some land, of course, attached to it, about fifteen hundred acres, I believe; but I don’t depend on that for my real income. In fact, as far as I can make out, the poachers are the only people who make anything out of it.
Lady Bracknell: A country house! How many bedrooms? Well, that point can be cleared up afterwards. You have a town house, I hope? A girl with a simple, unspoiled nature, like Gwendolen, could hardly be expected to reside in the country.
Jack: Well, I own a house in Belgrave Square, but it is let by the year to Lady Bloxham. Of course, I can get it back whenever I like, at six months’ notice.
Lady Bracknell: Lady Bloxham? I don’t know her.
Jack: Oh, she goes about very little. She is a lady considerably advanced in years.
Lady Bracknell: Ah, nowadays that is no guarantee of respectability of character. What number in Belgrave Square?
Jack: 149.
Lady Bracknell (shaking her head): The unfashionable side….I thought there was something. However, that could easily be altered.
Jack: Do you mean the fashion, or the side?
Lady Bracknell (sternly) : Both, if necessary, I presume.
(The Importance of Being Earnest)
Questions (10 points)
20. What are Lady Bracknell’s main criteria for choosing a husband for her daughter? Support your answer with a quotation from the text.
21. Which does Lady Bracknell prefer, investment or land? Support your answer with a quotation from the text.
Text 4
Please note: This reading task will be relevant to the writing task in Part III.
Mystery of the White Gardenia
By Marsha Arons
Every year on my birthday, from the time I turned 12, a white gardenia was delivered to my house in Bethesda, Md. No card or note came with it. Calls to the florist were always in vain -- it was a cash purchase. After a while I stopped trying to discover the sender’s identity and just delighted in the beauty and heady perfume of that one magical, perfect flower nestled in soft pick tissue paper.
But I never stopped imagining who the anonymous giver might be. Some of the happiest moments were spent daydreaming about someone wonderful and exciting but too shy or eccentric to make known his or her identity.
My mother contributed to these imaginings. She’d ask me if there was someone for whom I had done a special kindness who might be showing appreciation. Perhaps the neighbor I’d helped when she was unloading a car full of groceries. Or maybe it was the old man across the street whose mail I retrieved during the winter so he wouldn't have to venture down his icy steps. As a teen-ager, though, I had more fun speculating that it might be a boy I had a crush on or one who had noticed me even though I didn't know him.
When I was 17, a boy broke my heart. The night he called for the last time, I cried myself to sleep. When I awoke in the morning, there was a message scribbled on my mirror in red lipstick: Heartily know, when half-gods go, the gods arrive. I thought about that quotation by Emerson for a long time, and until my heart healed, I left it where my mother had written it. When I finally went to get the glass cleaner, my mother knew everything was all right again.
I don’t remember ever slamming my door in anger at her and shouting, “you just don’t understand!” because she did understand.
One month before my high-school graduation, my father died of a heart attack. My feelings ranged from grief to abandonment, fear and overwhelming anger that my dad was missing some of the most important events in my life. I became completely uninterested in my upcoming graduation, the senior class play and the prom. But my mother, in the midst of her own grief, would not hear of my skipping any of those things.
The day before my father died, my mother and I had gone shopping for a prom dress. We found a spectacular one, with yards and yards of doted swiss in red, white and blue, it made me feel like Scarlet O’Hara, but it was the wrong size. When my father died I forgot about the dress.
My mother didn’t. The day before the prom, I found that dress -- in the right size -- draped majestically over the living room sofa. It wasn’t just delivered, still in the box. It was presented to me -- beautifully, artistically, lovingly. I didn’t care if I had a new dress or no. But my mother did.
She wanted her children to feel loved and lovable, creative and imaginative, imbued with a sense that there was magic in the world and beauty even in the face of adversity. In truth, my mother wanted her children to see themselves much like the gardenia -- lovely, strong, and perfect -- with an aura of magic and perhaps a bit of mystery.
My mother died ten days after I was married. I was 22. That was the year the gardenias stopped coming.
Questions (20 points)
22. Who sent the white gardenias? Why were the flowers sent ?
23. When and how did the father die? How did the narrator feel at her father’s death?
24. What two traits of the mother’s characters are highlighted in the story? Cite examples from the story to support your points.
25. Explain the role of the gardenia in the story.
Part III Writing [20 Points]
Summarize the story “Mystery of the White Gardenia” in about 150 words.
浙 江 广 播 电 视 大 学
英语 专业（开放本科）
Part I Literary Fundamentals [30 points]
Section 1. Match the writers with their works (2 points each).
1. A. 2. H 3. C 4. F 5. E
Section 2. Decide whether the following statements are True (T ) or False (F) .
(2 points each)
6. F 7. T 8. T 9. F 10 T
Section 3. Choose the correct answer to complete the following sentences
(2 points each) .
11. C 12. A 13. A 14.B 15. D
Part II Reading Comprehension [50 points]
5 points each.
Every 5 mistakes in grammar, spelling or of any other kind will lead to the reduction of one point.
16. Because Scrooge is a mean-spirited miserly person. He won’t help anybody.
17. The dogs would tug their owners into doorways and up courts; and then would wag their tails, indicating to their owners that this man is an evil person.
18. The poet is celebrating the importance of the loved / dead one to the poet/ or the dead is everything is to him or any similar idea.
19. Award one point for one of the following expressions: 1) put out 2)pack up 3) dismantle 4) pour away 5) sweep up
20. Clearly income, property and family connections. For example, she asks Jack directly questions such as “What’s your income?” “You have a town house, I hope?”
21. She prefers investment to land. She feels land involves too many expenses during life, and is then taxed heavily after one’s death. Quotation: What between the duties expected of one during one’s lifetime, and the duties exacted from one after one’s death, land has ceased to be either a profit or a pleasure.
22. The narrator’s mother. The mother sent the flowers to remind her daughter that a person could become all that the gardenia symbolised—loving, strong, and perfect. She kept it a secret so that the daughter could have the self-knowledge of her own good deeds as she speculated about who the sender might be.
23. The father died of heart attack close to her graduation from high school. She felt sad, disappointed that her father would not experience the important events in her life.
24．a. The mother’s wisdom: She thought of a wise way to encourage kindness in her daughter: to send flowers secretly; or she wisely scribbled a quotation from Emerson on her daughter’s mirror instead of directly talking her teenage daughter into accepting the loss of her boyfriend.
b. Her strength in the face of adversities: she stood strong when her husband died.
25. The gardenia is the essential symbol in the story, helping to bring about the theme of the story: mother’s love. The gardenia symbolizes the qualities that the mother hoped for her daughter, qualities such as magical (aura of magic, a bit of mystery), loving, strong, perfect , etc. (Points should be given when ideas are similar or stand to reason.)
Part III Writing [20 Points]
作文满分为20分，分为内容（满分为8分），语言（满分为10分）和书写（满分为2分）三部分，三部分分值相加即为作文的总分。各部分参考评分项目如下：
部分 评分项目 分值
内容 内容充实、切题，篇幅适当。 8分
语言 语言得体、行文流畅、句子结构有变化、常用语法结构无错误。 10分
书写 拼写及标点符号使用正确，书写整洁，易于认读。 2分
《文学英语赏析》第一单元自测练习
Unit I Review Reminders
Question 1.Why are literary texts good learning resources?
1. The language of literary texts is generally much more carefully and artfully used than for most other kinds of texts (such as newspapers, etc.). This means that literary texts offer a rich resource for expanding your range of vocabulary, your repertoire of grammatical structures, and your sensitivity to style, and the way the language is used to convey subtle nuances of meaning.
2. Literature is also the vehicle for cultural information and for knowledge about the world.
3. Literature can bring us enriched dimension in our lives. We not only acquire more language in the process but we also acquire a better understanding of ourselves and how we relate to others.
Question 2 How can you make the best use of the course?
1. Read a lot.
2. When you read, try to use your dictionary with discretion.
3. Listen to English as often as you can.
4. Keep a personal Learning Journal (keep a record of what you read; write down your thoughts and feelings about what you have read; jot down problems or questions you want to think about; make a note of particular vocabulary items or phrases which you want to retain; record websites you have found useful; perhaps also to write down ideas for your own writing in English.)
5. Form the habit of formulating questions.
6. Review what you have read and studied -- and do it frequently.
Question 3 What is the message of the fable A Test of Friendship?
A friend in need is a friend in deed.
Question 4. What is the message of the fable The Fairly Intelligent Fly?
There is no safety in numbers or anything else.
Question 5. What is the message of the story The Paring Knife?
Least said, soonest mended.
Let sleeping dogs lie.
Question 6. What are the key messages of Section 3?
Literary devices are used in everyday language.
Literature is all around us.
Language and literature are completely interpenetrating.
Question 7. What are the key devices used in the examples of proverbs?
1. The proof of the pudding is in the eating. (alliterative [p], rhyming ing )
2. He who laughs last, laughs longest. (alliterative [ l]; parallelism)
3. Time and tide wait for no man. (rhyming [ai] ; alliterative [t])
2. Least said, soonest mended. (parallelism)
5. An apple a day keeps the doctor away. (parallelism, alliteration)
Question 8. What are the key devices used in the examples of aphorisms?
1. How can I tell what I think till I see what I say?( parallelism, alliterative [s], assonance –repeated sound [i])
2. Those who know the least, obey the best. (parallelism, alliteration, assonance)
3. Work is the curse of the drinking classes. (assonance)
4. The minority is sometimes right: the majority is always wrong. (parallelism)
5. Nothing is enough for the man for whom enough is too little. (parallelism, assonance, alliteration)
Question 9. What are the key devices used in the examples of newspaper headlines?
1. Putting Second Thoughts First. (intertexuality)
2. Failing Much Better Now. (pronunciation pun )
3. Too Old to Work. Too Young to Die. (parallelism)
4. Down With Chat: Up With Talk. (parallelism)
5. Nothing Left but Theft. (rhyme)
6. Live Fast; Die Middle-aged. (parallelism)
7. A Sweet Smell of Less Stress. (alliteration, assonance, parallelism)
Question 10. What are the key devices used in the examples of advertisements?
1. Drink a pinta milk a day. (rhythmical repetition, assonance)
2. Twice as nice: not twice the price. (rhyme, assonance, parallelism)
3. The best for less. (assonance, parallelism)
4. Prices frozen this winter. (pun)
Question 11. What are the key devices used in the examples of book and film titles?
1. Scream of Stone (alliteration, personification)
2. Heart of Glass. (assonance, metaphor)
3. Tragically I was an Only Twin. (paradox)
Question 12. What are the key terms used in the unit?
The following terms occur in the text and key feedback. You are NOT expected to remember them all. But they will repeatedly occur in the course book. So you should make an effort to find out what they mean.
1. Alliteration: （头韵）the repetition of initial consonant sounds in words close together in a text.
2. Aphorism: （警句）a short witty saying which expresses some truth about human nature.
3. Assonance: （腹韵，半韵）the repetition of a particular vowel sound in words close to each other in a text.
4. Fable: （寓言） a story told to demonstrate a moral of some kind. Fables often use animals as the main characters..
5. Intertextuality: （文本互见）the way that a new text may make reference (either directly or indirectly) to a previous text.
6. Metaphor: （隐喻/暗喻） a direct comparison of one thing with another.
7. Paradox: （似非而是/自相矛盾的手法）a case where two things appear to contradict each other.
8. Parallelism / Parallel structures: （平行结构/排比）when one grammatical or phonological pattern (or both) is repeated one or more times.
9. Personification: （拟人）a special kind of metaphor where an inanimate object is given human or animate characteristics. For example, The Sea is a Hungry Dog.
10. Proverb : （成语）a well-known traditional saying which usually expresses a piece of folk wisdom. For example, Don’t put all your eggs in one basket.
11. Pun : （双关）a play on the ambiguity of meaning of a word or words. For example, Say hello to the good buys.(goodbyes)
12. Repetition : （重复）the repeating of any language elements in a text – sounds, rhythms, words, phrases, lines, etc.
13. Rhyme: （押韵）the regular repetition of vowel sounds usually at the ends of lines. Internal rhyme happens when the rhyming sounds occur within a line rather than at the end.
Unit 2 Review Reminders
Question 1: Do you need to remember all the devices you come across in this unit?
You are expected to understand what they mean and be able to identify examples of the devices used both in everyday life and literary works.
Question 2 What is alliteration?
Alliteration: （头韵）the repetition of initial consonant sounds in words close together in a text. Examples:
Well, all we have to do is walk now. We don’t have to worry.
Secret, and self-contained, and solitary as an oyster.
Question 2 What is assonance?
Assonance: （腹韵，半韵）the repetition of a particular vowel sound in words close to each other in a text.
Examples:
Old age should burn and rave at close of day;
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Grave men, near death, who see with blinding sight
Blind eyes could blaze like meteors and be gay,
Rage, rage against the dying of the light.
Question 3 What is metaphor?
Metaphor: （隐喻/暗喻） a direct comparison of one thing with another.
Examples:
Time is money (spending time, wasting time, saving time, making time)
His voice thundered out across the room.
The runner peaked before the end of the race.
They were prodded into action.
A stormy meeting.
Honeyed words.
A steel grip.
An indigestible novel.
Acid comments. etc.
Question 4 What is parallelism?
Parallelism / Parallel structures: （平行结构/排比）when one grammatical or phonological pattern (or both) is repeated one or more times.
Examples:
I kissed her / ’Ere I killed her.
Monday for wealth,
Tuesday for health,
Wednesday the best day of all;
Thursday for crosses,
Friday for losses,
Saturday no luck at all.
Question 5 What is personification?
Personification: （拟人）a special kind of metaphor where an inanimate object is given human or animate characteristics.
Example:
The sea is a hungry dog,
Giant and grey,
He rolls on the beach all day.
With his clashing teeth and shaggy jaws
Hour upon hour he gnaws
The rumbling, tumbling stones,
And ‘Bones, bones, bones!’
The giant sea-dog moans,
Licking his greasy paws.
Question 6 Inversion. Is inversion used in the rest of the lines in the sonnet by Wordsworth?
Yes, it is. Read the whole poem and you can find inverted sentence order in quite a few places besides the ones mentioned in the fourth section.
Composed upon Westminster Bridge
William Wordsworth
Earth has not anything to show more fair;
Dull would he be of soul who could pass by
A sight so touching in its majesty;
This city now doth, like a garment, wear
The beauty of the morning; silent, bare,
Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie
Open onto the fields, and to the sky;
All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.
Never did sun more beautiful steep
In this first splendour, valley, rock, or hill;
Ne’er saw I , never felt, a calm so deep!
The river glideth at his own sweet will:
Dear God! The very houses seem asleep;
And all that might heart is lying still!
威斯敏斯特桥上
大地从未展露比这更动人的壮丽，
倘若有人路过这里却毫不动情，
无视这辉煌晨景，他准是愚钝的生灵。
城市沐浴在灿烂的霞光里，
寂静，清新，像是披上一袭霓裳。
船舶，拱顶，剧院，教堂和塔尖，
敞开胸怀，向着绿野，向着蓝天，
一切都在无烟的空气中熠熠闪光。
太阳从未把如此明媚的晨曦
覆盖于岩石，铺洒在峡谷山梁，
我从未见过，也从未感到如此静谧。
河水自由自在在地静静地流淌，
上帝呵！全城的屋宇正在安息，
那强劲的心脏正沉睡于梦乡！
Question 7 Metaphor Is Shakepeare comparing his old age with trees in early autumn or late autumn?
He is comparing it with later autumn. Here’s the whole poem for you. Hope you will understand the sonnet better by reading the whole poem.
That time of year thou mayst in me behold
When yellow leaves, or none, or few, do hang
Upon those boughs which shake against the cold,
Bare ruined choirs where late the sweet birds sang.
In me thou seest the twilight of such day
As after sunset fadeth in the west,
Which by and by black night doth take away,
Death’s second self, that seals up all in rest.
In me thou seest the glowing of such fire
That on the ashes of his youth die lie,
As the deathbed whereon it must expire,
Consumed with that which it was nourished by.
This thou perceivest, which makes thy love more strong,
To love that well which thou must leave ere long.
你在我身上可以看到哪个时令，
黄叶落尽或稀疏地
挂在摇曳的树枝上。
在这荒废的歌坛，不久前曾鸟声婉转。
你在我身上看到这样一个黄昏，
日落时分西方微光朦胧；
死神的化身—黑夜随后把微光吞尽，
让世上的一切停止活动。
你在我身上看到这样的火焰，
它残喘在自己青春的余烬上，
在这张尸床上，它早晚要长眠，
与滋养它的燃料一同化为灰烟。
当你看到这些，你的爱会更加坚强，
热爱他吧，他不久将与你分别。
《文学英语赏析》第三单元自测练习
Unit 3 Review Reminders
Question 1: Do you need to remember the short story elements taught in this unit?
You are expected to understand what each elements means (the Chinese equivalents for the elements); you are expected to know what the main elements of a short story are. But your main focus should be to follow and analyze the plot structure of a short story, and summarize the plot of story; you are expected to identify charaterisation, learn about different ways of presenting a character and write character sketches; you are expected to learn about the functions of settings in relation to action and character; you are expected to follow the time structure of a story.
Question 2 What are main elements of a short story?
1．Plot: (情节) Plot is what happens as a result of the main conflict, the chain of circumstances and events isolated from the rest of human experience and treated as a coherent whole, presented in a clear-cut pattern, a unified order.
The plot develops as the protagonist struggles with a problem, find a solution, and accepts the changes which result.
The parts of the plot include the exposition (which introduce the characters and setting, establishes the point of view, and gives background information), opening incident (which leads the main character to a conflict and begins the plot), rising action (which builds the conflict), climax (which raises conflict to greatest intensity, changes the course of events or the ways readers understand the story), falling action (which reduces the conflict and prepares the reader for the resolution)and resolution (which ends the conflict).
In summarizing the plot of a story, you can use the following questions as your reference:
1. What event or events lead the main character to a conflict? What initial conflict does he or she encounter? Is the conflict internal or external? What are the results of the initial conflict?
2. What does the initial conflict build to additional, more complicated conflicts? What finally brings the conflict to its greatest intensity, to a kind of “boiling point”?
3. What is the climax? What happens as a result of the climax? What is the end result?
4. Setting : where the story happens and background information about what is to happen.
The setting is the time and place, or series of times and places, where protagonist and antagonist meet. Readers learn about the setting through the eyes of the narrator.
If the setting plays a key role in the play, the writer may give details. But more often, a short story writer does not devote descriptive paragraphs to clarifying the setting.
5. Characterisation: the way the characters are depicted. A writer can convey character in a number of ways. One way is by giving a physical description. The most important part of portraying effective characterisation is showing through dialogue. It is also possible to show character through what he does and how he acts.
When writing a character sketch, you can use the following list as your reference.
Character’s identity
Character’s physical attributes
Character’s background (family, education, home life, hobbies, etc.)
Character’s feelings and thoughts (How do characters react emotionally to frustrating situations? How do they react to success or embarrassment? )
Character’s speech (What do characters sound like when they talk? What kind of vocabulary do they use? )
Character’s peculiarities (the most unusual characteristics)
6. Point of view: the perspective from which the story is told. The short story is traditionally written from either first-person or third person point of view.
7. Time structure: The simplest way of structuring time is to start at one point and to follow a straight time line from that point to the end of a story. An alternative is to use flashblack to an earlier period of time. Another alternative is to switch backwards and forwards in time.
Question 3 Do you need to learn about all the authors included in the unit and remember relevant information about them?
No. But you need to learn about the following writers, about their writing career, their influences and, of course their major works.
1. Liam O’Flaherty
2. Ernest Hemingway
3. James Joyce
4. Sherwood Anderson
Question 4 Of the following works, which is more important?
The Sniper
The Way Up to Heaven
Words Long Unspoken, The Man Who Talk to the Trees , Bluebells and Autumn Leaves
The End of Something
Hills Like White Elephants
Eveline
Thief
Paper Pills
The above stories are of equal importance.
Question 5 Among the short story writers included in this unit, who are the Nobel Laureats in literature?
Ernest Hemingway (1899~1961), won Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954 "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"
His major works include
The Old Man and the Sea (《老人与海》)
The Sun Also Rises （《太阳照样升起》）
A Farewell to Arms （《永别了，武器》）
For Whom the Bell Tolls （《丧钟为谁而鸣》）
Question 6 Among the short story writers included in this unit, who strongly influenced American short story writing between World War I and II?
Sherwood Anderson did.
Sherwood Anderson (1876~1941)，an American writer who strongly influenced American short story writing between World War I and II. He was a writer’s writer, the only story-teller of his generation who left his mark on the style and vision of Hemingway, Faulkner, Steinbeck, etc. His style was modeled on the common speech of ordinary people. Most of his work was set in the Mid-West. His best known work is his short story collection, Winesburg, Ohio （《俄亥俄州的温斯堡》），the story of a small town told by its inhabitants.
《文学英语赏析》第四单元自测练习
Unit 4 Review Reminders
Question 1 Do you need to learn about all the authors included in the unit and remember relevant information about them?
No. But you need to learn about the following writers, about their writing career, their contributions and influences and, of course their major works.
1. Charlotte Bronte
2. Charles Dickens
3. Robert Louis Stevenson
4. William Golding
5. Joseph Conrad
6. John Steinbeck
7. Thomas Hardy
8. Ernest Hemingway
Question 2 Among the writers included in this unit, who are the Nobel Laureats in literature?
They are Ernest Hemingway, William Golding and John Steinbeck.
Ernest Hemingway (1899~1961), won Nobel Prize for Literature in 1954 "for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"
His major works include
The Old Man and the Sea (《老人与海》)
The Sun Also Rises （《太阳照样升起》）
A Farewell to Arms （《永别了，武器》）
For Whom the Bell Tolls （《丧钟为谁而鸣》）
John Steinbeck (1902~1968), American novelist. His writings were very much influenced by his ideas of social justice, and his disapproval of a society which had led to such widespread distress in the Great Depression. His novel Of Mice and Men （《鼠与人》）was one of the earliest of his works to gain critical acclaim. It depicts the tragic story of two farmhands who yearn for a home in vain. His most famous novel, The Grapes of Wrath(《愤怒的葡萄》), documents the trials and tribulations of a group of poor farmers driven from their lands in Oklahoma by the Dust Bowl in the 1930’s. Steinbeck was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 1962.
William Golding （1911~），British novelist, Nobel Prize winner for Literature in 1983. He served in the British navy during World War II, and had a lifelong interest in the sea and ships. His novels take a rather pessimistic view of human nature, perhaps influenced by his wartime experiences. His first published novel was the Lord of Flies (《蝇王》), the story of a group of schoolboys isolated on a coral island who revert to savagery. His best-known novels include The Inheritors (《继承人》), The Spire (《塔尖》).
Question 3. What kind of examination items would you see in the end-of-term test?
Here are a few samples. You are advised to read the extracts and complete the relevant tasks in the course book.
Sample 1.
Ralph looked at him dumbly. For a moment he had a fleeting picture of the strange glamour that had once invested the beaches. But the island was scorched up like dead wood – Simon was dead – and Jack had …. The tears began to flow and sobs shook him. He gave himself up to them now for the first time on the island; great, shuddering spasms of grief that seemed to wrench his whole body. His voice rose under the black smoke before the burning wreckage of the island; and infected by that emotion, the other little boys began to shake and sob too. And in the middle of them, with filthy body, matted hair, and unwiped nose, Ralph wept for the end of innocence, the darkness of man’s heart, and the fall through the air of the true, wise friend called Piggy.
The officer, surrounded by these noises, was moved and a little embarrassed. He turned away to give them time to pull themselves together; and waited, allowing his eyes to rest on the trim cruiser in the distance.
A. From which novel is the extract taken from? Who is the writer of the extract??
B. In 2 or 3 sentences, summarize the scene described in the extract. What happened to Ralph and the boys?
C. What does “pull themselves together” (Line 2, paragraph 2) mean?
D. What did Ralph do for the first time on the island?
E. What noises moved and embarrassed the officer?
Sample 2
A stout slow man sat in his office waiting. His face was fatherly and benign, and his eyes twinkled with friendship. He was a caller of good mornings, a ceremonious shaker of hands, a jolly man who knew all jokes and yet who hovered close to sadness, for in the midst of a laugh he could remember the death of your aunt, and his eyes would become wet with sorrow for your loss. This morning he had placed a flower in a vase on his desk, a single scarlet hibiscus, and the vase sat beside the black velvet-lined tray in front of him. He was shaved close to the blue roots of his beard, and his hands were clean and his nails polished. His door stood open to the morning, and he hummed under his breath while his right hand practiced legerdemain. He rolled a coin back and forth over his knuckles and made it appear and disappear, made it spin and sparkle. The coin winked into sight and as quickly slipped out of sight, and the man did not even watch his own performance. The fingers did it all mechanically, precisely, while the man hummed to himself and peered out the door. Then he heard the tramp of feet of the approaching crowd, and the fingers of his right hand worked faster and faster until, as the figure of Kino filled the doorway, the coin flashed and disappeared.
A. Who is the author of this extract?
B. From which novel is this extract taken from?
C. Why does the author describe the coin in detail?
D. How is the stout man described in this extract?
E. Do you think this stout man is a kind and generous person?
Sample 3
I tried to sleep; but my heart beat anxiously, my inward tranquillity was broken. The clock, far down in the hall, struck two. Just then it seemed my chamber-door was touched, as if fingers had swept the panels in groping a way along the dark gallery outside. I said, ‘Who is there?’ Nothing answered. I was chilled with fear.
All at once I remembered that it might be Pilot, who, when the kitchen door chanced to be left open, not infrequently found his way up to the threshold of Mr Rochester’s chamber: I had seen him lying there myself in the mornings. The idea calmed me somewhat: I lay down. Silence composes the nerves; and as an unbroken hush now reigned again through the whole house, I began to feel the return of slumber. But it was not fated that I should sleep that night. A dream had scarcely approached my ear, when it fled affrighted, scared by a marrow-freezing incident enough.
This was a demoniac laugh – low, suppressed, and deep – uttered, as it seemed, at the very keyhole of my chamber door. The head of my bed was near the door, and I thought at first the goblin-laugher stood at my bedside – or rather, crouched by my pillow. But I rose, looked round, and could see nothing; while, as I still gazed, the unnatural sound was reiterated, and I knew it came from behind the panels. My first impulse was to rise and fasten the bolt; my next, again to cry out, ‘Who is there?’
A. From which novel is the extract taken from?
B. What time of the day did the marrow-freezing incident happen?
C. What words did the author use to describe the laugh she heard?
D. What did the narrator “I” observe after she rose from her bed?
《文学英语赏析》第六单元自测练习
Unit 6 Review Reminders
Question 1. What kind of examination items would you see in the end-of-term test?
Two major types ---- Type I, in the form of objective test (选择或判断对错), and Type II in the form of subjective test （阅读理解）.
Type 1 Samples.
A． Decide whether the statements are true or false.
1. What has been termed confessional poetry is widely associated with American poets such as Anne Sexton and Sylvia Plath.
2. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner by Samuel Taylor Coleridge is a narrative poem.
3. Robert Frost is a well-known 19th century Scottish poet.
4. Walt Whitman is well-known for his collection of poems Leaves of Grass.
5. What has been termed free verse is widely associated with American poet Walt Whitman.
B．Choose the correct answer.
1. The term ______ refers to a long poem or a song telling a story, usually a tragic story based on a ______ incident.
A. epic, comic
B. comedy, mysterious
C. ballad, historical
D. tragedy, symbolic
2．A stanza is a grouping of the verse lines in a poem. There are various stanzas containing two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight lines, etc. A _____is a pair of rhymed lines that are equal in length.
A. couplet
B. ballad
C. sonnet
D. limerick
3． “He was my North, my South, my East, and West,
My working week and my Sunday rest…”
The above lines are taken from W.H. Auden’s elegy “___________”.
A. Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone
B. The Dead Heart
C. Love Your Enemy
D. Acquainted with the Night
4．Which of the following writers wrote “Stop all the clocks, cut off the telephone” ?
A. W. H. Auden B. Dylan Thomas C. Emily Dickinson D. William Shakespeare
Type 2 Sample
Read the following poem and answer the questions below.
The Road Not Taken
Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,
And sorry I could not travel both
And be one traveler, long I stood
And looked down one as far as I could
To where it bent in the undergrowth;
Then took the other, as just as fair,
And having perhaps the better claim,
Because it was grassy and wanted wear;
Though as for that, the passing there
Had worn them really about the same,
And both that morning equally lay
In leaves no step had trodden black.
Oh, I kept the first for another day!
Yet knowing how way leads on to way,
I doubted if I should ever come back.
I shall be telling this with a sigh
Somewhere ages and ages hence:
Two roads diverged in a wood, and I---
I took the one less traveled by,
And that has made all the difference.
1. How does the speaker begin the poem? He begins by __________.
A. describing himself walking down a garden paths
B. describing himself standing by diverging roads
C. commenting on the meaningless of life
2. Which road does the speaker choose and why?
3. Which of the following is true?
A. The poem has a fast rhythm and it create a cheerful atmosphere.
B. The poem has no regular rhythm to speak of, and it helps to express the speaker’s deep sorrow over the lost youth.
C. The poem has a slow rhythm and it suits the contemplative mood of the speaker.
4. What is the speaker’s initial response to the divergence of the two roads?
A. He was sorry. B. He got excited. C. He sighs bitterly.
5. What might be the symbolic meaning of the two roads?
A. The two roads symbolize the conflicts between personal desires and public duty.
B. The two roads symbolize the difference in country life and city life.
C. The two roads symbolize different paths we take in life.
6. What pattern of rhyme schemes is used in the poem?
A. abaab B. acaba c. abbac
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