Section I New words
A Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (3 points each)
1. ____reflect A. among other countries
2. ____survive B. get knowledge from life (not books)
3. ____transit C. moving people or things across places
4. ____international D. stop something before it happens
5. ____invest E. put back, provide something again
6. ____experience F. in the opposite direction to the hands of a clock
7. ____replace G. throw back; give back an image of
8. ____prevent H. joining together of people or things
9. _____combination I.continue to live or exist
10. ____counterclockwise J. put money into a business in the hopes of making a profit
B Fill in the blanks with words from the box below. (3 points each)
| access environment established focused global method predict residents solve transportation |
Asthma is usually common in countries where there is a lot of pollution in the 11 from industry and different types of 12 such as ships and trains. However, it has become a 13 problem; that is, countries with large rural areas also have high rates of asthma. A doctor inJamaicadecided to find out why asthma was increasing among young rural 14 where pollution didn’t seem to be a problem. She noticed that more children had asthma attacks when it was windy. She asked a scientist who was studying weather patterns to find out if there was a connection. The scientist, also a woman, developed a 15 of collecting what was blowing in the wind. Together they 16 a connection between the amount of dust in the wind and the number of asthmas attacks on the island. The scientist also discovered that some of the dust had actually blown toJamaicafrom the dry regions of Africa across theAtlantic Ocean. With a way to 17 when asthma attacks were going to occur, the doctor 18 on giving the rural population 19 to weather forecasts so that asthmatics would stay indoors on windy days. A public health campaign helped to 20 the problem and lower the number of asthma attacks.
Section II Reading Comprehension
A Read the passage. Then answer the questions that follow. （5 points each）
A In recent years, the game of golf and golf tourism have grown in popularity in many places in the world. Golf, which traces its roots back to 15th centuryScotland, is often viewed as a pleasant and harmless way to relax in a natural setting. But golf courses are not natural developments. They are artificial constructions that have a big environmental impact. As a result, there is often controversy about the building of golf courses.
B Opponents of the use of land for golf courses bring up a number of environmental concerns. One is that a golf course covers a great deal of land, typically up to 200 acres, and in the process of developing this land into a golf course, it is common for fragile native ecosystems such as wetlands, rainforests, or coastal dunes to be destroyed. Indigenous grasses, shrubs, and trees are removed and replaced by foreign vegetation. The construction process causes soil erosion and results in the loss of biodiversity and habitat for wildlife. Another concern is the amount of chemical pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers used to maintain the grass on a golf course once it is established. These chemicals can result in toxic contamination of the air, the soil, the surface water, and the underground water, and this in turn leads to health problems for people who live near the course or downstream from it, for people who work at the course, and even for the golfers. Yet another concern is that golf courses require an enormous amount of water every day. Their water consumption can lead to depletion of scarce fresh water resources. These and other concerns about golf courses have provoked protests, most recently in east and southeast Asia, against planned golf projects.
C Designers, developers, and operators of golf courses have become increasingly aware of the environmental issues and of the protests. Consequently, they have sponsored research into more environmentally sensitive ways of constructing and maintaining courses. They believe that it is possible to build golf courses which protect and preserve the natural features of the landscape and natural habitats for wildlife. Their suggested practices include using native trees and shrubs, planting types of grass that require less water and are best adapted to the local climate, and using reclaimed water. Proponents of golf courses believe that these “green” golf courses can actually provide environmental benefits to their sites.
D However, even a “green” golf course is likely to result in some environmental degradation and loss of habitat. Therefore, many biologists and wildlife ecologists, such as Lawrence Woolbright, a professor at Siena College in Albany, New York, contend that the best places to construct new golf courses are places that are already degraded, such as former landfills (garbage dumps) and old industrial sites, rather than on undeveloped land. A golf course that transforms a degraded site into a scenic landscape with wetlands and woodlands and habitat for wildlife could actually be a benefit to the environment.
For each question, choose the best answer based on the reading passage. Write A, B, C or D on your Answer Sheet.
21. Which of the following is the best statement of the main idea of the reading passage?
A. Golf courses are artificial constructions, and are often built with no regard for the environment.
B. Controversies about golf courses affect the tourist trade.
C. Golf courses have significant effects on the environment, and these effects lead to controversy.
D. Golf and golf tourism are growing in popularity internationally, leading to a more negative effect on the environment.
22. Based on Paragraphs C and D, we can infer that a “green” golf course is one that ________.
A. consumes a great deal of water
B. is environmentally sensitive
C. is new and not degraded
D. has grass, shrubs, and trees
23. Based on the information in Paragraph C, we can conclude that ________.
A. it is certain that “green” golf courses have already been built
B. it is certain that “green” golf courses will be built in the future
C. it is not certain that any “green” golf courses have already been built or will be built in the future
D. opponents of golf courses accept the idea that “green” golf courses can actually provide environmental benefits to their sites
24. Based on Paragraph D, we can infer that the author of the passage ________ .
A. agrees with Lawrence Woolbright
B. disagrees with Lawrence Woolbright
C. is willing to accept some environmental degradation and loss of habitat
D. is opposed to all golf courses
25. What would be an appropriate title for this reading passage?
A. A Brief History of Golf
B. Golf’s Dirty Side
C. Why Make Golf Green?
D. The Beauty of Golf
B Read the passage. Then answer the questions that follow. (3 points each)
A After a cold, snowy winter, many people look forward to the long hot days of summer. The normal heat of summer can be pleasant. However, it’s important to be aware that excessive—that is, too much—heat can be dangerous. There are other summer weather dangers, for example, tornadoes, lightning, and floods, but excessive heat kills more people each year than any of these. According to meteorologists (weather scientists), a heat wave is a period of excessive heat that lasts two days or more. A heat wave stresses people and can cause illnesses. These illnesses include heat cramps, heat exhaustion, and heat stroke. The people who are at the greatest risk during heat waves are the elderly, babies, and those with serious diseases.
B High humidity (moisture in the air) can make the effects of heat even more harmful. As humidity increases, the air seems warmer than it actually is because it’s more difficult for the body to cool itself through the evaporation of perspiration. During heat waves, meteorologists use the heat index to determine the level of danger. The heat index measures how hot it really feels when high humidity is added to the actual air temperature. As an example, if the air temperature is 95° F (Fahrenheit) and the humidity is 35%, the heat index is 98° F. But if the air temperature is 95° F and the humidity is 70%, the heat index is 124° F. Doctors say that even young, healthy people can die of heat stroke if they exercise outside when the heat index is high. During a heat wave, it’s best to take it easy, drink plenty of water, and stay out of the heat as much as possible.
Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for True and “F” for False on the Answer Sheet.
26. The main idea of Paragraph A is that too much heat can have dangerous effects.
27. The main idea of Paragraph B is that meteorologists use the heat index during heat waves.
28. In the passage, lightning is mentioned as an example of a summer weather danger.
29. Based on the information in the passage, young, healthy people are more likely to die from excessive heat than elderly people are.
30. The author wrote this passage in order to give people useful information about the weather in the summer.
Section I New words
A Match each vocabulary word on the left with the correct definition on the right. (3 points each)
1. G 2.I 3. C 4. A 5. J 6. B 7. E 8. D 9. H 10. F
B Fill in the blanks with words from the box below. (3 points each)
11. environment 12. transportation 13. global 14. residents 15. method
16. established 17. predict 18. focused 19. access 20. solve
Section II Reading Comprehension
A For each question, choose the best answer based on the reading passage.
（5 points each）
21. C 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C
B Decide whether the following statements are true or false. Write “T” for True and “F” for False on the Answer Sheet. （3 points each）
26.T 27.F 28.Ｔ 29.F 30.T
四、 课程考核的相关内容
终结性考试难度按重点掌握、掌握、了解三个不同层次的要求出题。其中重点掌握的内容约占60%，掌握的内容约占20%，了解的内容约占20%。
Chapter 1
考核内容及要求：
两篇正文和所涉及的阅读策略。
重点掌握：
l 找出中心思想
l 根据上下文猜测词义
掌握：
l 用T形表组织信息
l 通过略读找出主题和中心思想
l 写摘要（概要）
l 理解篇章结构
了解：
l 预习主题和词汇
l 预测课文内容
l 理解代词指代
Chapter 2
考核内容及要求：
两篇正文和所涉及的阅读策略。
重点掌握：
l 根据上下文猜测词义
l 找出起支持作用的各种细节
l 做推断
掌握：
l 预习主题和词汇
l 预测课文内容
l 找出中心思想
了解：
l 寻读
l 理解并注意词性
l 理解斜体词
Chapter 3
考核内容及要求：
两篇正文和所涉及的阅读策略。
重点掌握：
l 根据上下文猜测词义：理解e.g.和i.e.
l 识别义近但词性不同的词
l 用维恩图解组织观点
掌握：
l 预习主题和词汇
l 找出中心思想和细节
l 通过略读寻找主题和中心思想
了解：
l 通过词性理解生词
l 理解词性：后缀
l 理解代词指代
l 理解结论
l 理解讽刺
Chapter 4
考核内容及要求：
两篇正文和所涉及的阅读策略。
重点掌握：
l 预习课文
l 思辨：辨识因和果
掌握：
l 预习主题和词汇
l 根据上下文猜词义
l 找出重要的细节
l 通过略读寻找主题和中心思想
了解：
l 理解形容词和名词词组
l 理解复合词
l 理解代词指代
l 使用前缀 over-
Chapter 5
考核内容及要求：
两篇正文和所涉及的阅读策略。
重点掌握：
l 根据上下文猜词义：词汇检查
l 阅读时做文本标记
l 为备考组织信息
掌握：
l 预习主题和词汇
l 预习课文
l 找出中心思想
l 找出细节
l 表达观点
了解：
l 理解词典中的词条
l 分析前缀
l 分析后缀
Chapter 6
考核内容及要求：
两篇正文和所涉及的阅读策略。
重点掌握：
l 理解单词表面意思和比喻义
l 理解课文大纲
掌握：
l 预习主题和词汇
l 通过略读寻找中心思想
了解：
l 理解习语
l 使用起形容词作用的分词
Chapter 7
考核内容及要求：
两篇正文和所涉及的阅读策略。
重点掌握：
l 思辨：辨识推论
l 区别事实和假设
掌握：
l 预习主题和中心思想
l 预习课文
l 找出中心思想和细节
l 通过略读寻找中心思想
l 根据上下文猜词义
了解：
l 理解同音异义词
l 理解短语中的单词
l 理解斜体词和引号
l 练习前缀和后缀
l 做一个词汇记录表
Chapter 8
考核内容及要求：
两篇正文和所涉及的阅读策略。
重点掌握：
l 根据上下文猜词义
l 注意表示“摘要”的词组
l 通过分析细节找出中心思想
掌握：
l 预习主题和词汇
l 预习课文
l 根据上下文猜测词义
l 理解课文大意
l 辨别文章的总结（结论）部分
l 通过略读找出中心思想
l 思辨：辨识推论
l 理解词语内涵
了解：
l 辨别近义词
l 理解一般概念的词和具体概念的词
Chapter 9
考核内容及要求：
两篇正文和所涉及的阅读策略。
重点掌握：
l 区别事实和假设
l 思辨：做推论
掌握：
l 预习主题和词汇
l 预习课文
l 预测课文内容
l 通过略读寻找中心思想
了解：
l 理解近义词
l 单词归类
l 理解词根和词缀
Chapter 10
考核内容及要求：
两篇正文和所涉及的阅读策略。
重点掌握：
l 理解象征
l 找出中心思想并写出课文每一段的摘要
l 区分表示事实和观点的词
掌握：
l 预习课文
l 预习主题和词汇
l 做推论
l 总结：回顾和延伸
了解：
l 理解时间顺序：通过寻读找出表示时间的词
l 分析词根和词缀
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