湖南广播电视大学2014年1月开放教育期末考试跨文化交际 试题
2013年12月
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Information for the Examinees:
This examination consists of three sections. These are
SectionI.Cross Cultural Communication: Basic Knowledge and Skills (30 points)
Section II. Reading Comprehension (30 points)
Section III. Communication Analysis (40 points)
The total marks for this examination are 100 points. Time allowed for completing this examination is 90 minutes.
Section I．Cross Cultural Communication; Basic Knowledge and Skills (30 points, 2 points each)
Instructions: There are altogether 15 statements or questions below. You are offered four choices marked with A，B，C, and D for each statement. Choose the most appropriate one and put it in the Answer Sheet.
1. It is all right to ask someone what their job or position is,but it's not polite to ask them their salary. This is considered a ______ matter in English speaking countries.
A. humble B. secret
C. private D. taboo
2. Peter meets Xiao Wang at the supermarket and says to him: “Morning, Peter!” In this case, the source of information is ______.
A. Xiao Wang B. Peter
C. the supermarket D. “Morning,Peter!”
3. The surname MacDonald in Scotland was probably first used to name Donald’s ______.
A. son B. nephew
C. uncle D. Daughter
4. Chinese students are often surprised at the ______ with which their English friends apologize to one another over trivial things.
A. emergency B. fluency
C. adequacy D. frequency
5. Which of the following is not a stage when one is trying to get used to life in a new country?
A. Adjustment. B. Euphoria.
C. Admiration. D. Depression.
6. According to cross-cultural theorists, collectivism and ______ are basic clusters of values and assumptions.
A. independence B. individualism
C. imbalance D. communication
7. Which doesn’t belong to the group in a cross-cultural situation?
A. Head movements. B. Facial expressions.
C. Social values. D. Body contact.
8. The American child is nurtured to be _____, to be able to do whatever he could by himself, ever since he was born.
A. private B good-looking
C. obedient D .independent
9. Nowadays in England, people usually call each other ______.
A. Sir or Madam B. Mr, Mrs,Miss
C. by their first name D. by their last name
10. In the West it is regarded polite to open gifts as soon as they are given to express ______.
A. appreciation B. misunderstanding
C. gratitude D. greediness
11. When we are in a social gathering, we must be aware of the rules and procedures that govern the way things are going to proceed. These rules and procedures are technically called _____.
A. anecdotes B. schema (schemas)
C. gestures D. goals
12. The kin terms used to relatives do not distinguish between _______ relatives in Britain.
A. internal and external B. old and yonng
C. male and female D. maternal and paternal
13. While many women feel it natural to confer with their partners at every turn, many men feel free to make decisions without such ______.
A. consultation B. commitment
C. conclusion D. congratulation
14. “Quit beating around the bush!If you don’twant to go with me,just tell me!”
A. hitting around the trees B. cheating me
C. telling a lie D. avoiding giving me the direct answer
15. Oh,my God! I always think I’m a lucky dog. But this deal has turned out to be a complete failure.
A. a dead rat B. a dead chick
C. a dead duck D. a dead goose
Section II. Reading Comprehension (30 poits, 3 points each)
Part 1 Questions 16-20 are based on this part (15 points)
Instructions: Read Passage 1，and then answer Questions 16-20 briefly. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 1
Why is it that, at least historically in many European countries, achievement has been considered good and being lazy has been considered bad? The answer is that，in our culture, certain values have developed over time and are continuously reinforced. Achievement, peace, cooperation, equity, and democracy are societal values that are considered desirable. These values are not fixed, but when they change, they do it very slowly.
The values we hold are essentially established in our early years—from parents, teachers，friends，and others. Your early ideas of what is right and wrong were probably formulated from the views expressed by your parents. As you grew up, and were exposed to other value systems，you may have altered a number of your values.
Interestingly, values are relatively stable and enduring. This has been explained as a result of the way in which they are originally learned. When we are children, we are told that a certain behavior or outcome is always desirable or always undesirable. There are no gray areas. It is this absolute or “black white” learning of values that more or less assures their stability and endurance.
16. Why do people inEuropethink highly of one’s achievement?
17. How do people form their own value system?
18. What does “values are relatively stable and enduring” mean?
19. Do people change their values? How?
20. How do you understand “‘black white’ learning” in the last paragraph?
Part 2 Questions 21—25 are based on this part. (15 points)
Instructions: Read Passage 2 and then decide whether each of Statements 21—a25 is True or False according to the information given in the passage. Write “T” for true and “F” for false on the Answer Sheet.
Passage 2
How can we ease the process of coming to terms with a new culture? Everyone going to work or study in an alien culture for any length of time will experience culture shock. Sooner or later frustrations and despondency stemming from trying to come to terms with unfamiliar ways will arise. However, it’s possible to take steps to lessen the severity of culture shock and to hasten adjustment to the culture of the new country, to the host culture.
First, newcomers need to remember that the host culture has its own reasons for doing things in a certain way. When you run up against difficulties, try to avoid the simple assumption that people are behaving in an unreasonable or hostile fashion. Be more charitable. Assume instead that your expectations were thwarted because you didn’t yet quite grasp the local ways. Suspend judgment until you are sure you understand the case fully.
Such understanding can come from several sources. One of the most important is from those who come from the same cultural background, who have gone through the same experience and successfully adjusted to life in the new environment. Adaptation is on occasion a two-way process. British workers in a Japanese factory inEnglandhave to learn to adapt to the different work practices imported by their Japanese managers fromJapan; at the same time the latter have to become acclimatized to life inEngland…
21. Only a few people experience culture shock when they come to a new culture.
22. It is important to understand that different cultures have different ways of doing things.
23. People tend to show hostile behavior when they are in a户reign country.
24. It is useful to talk to people who are newly adjusted to the new culture.
25. It is enough for the new comers in a culture to adapt themselves.
Section III. Communication Analysis (40 points, 26. 10 points, 27. 15 points, 28. 15 poits)
Instructions: The following are three different cases of cross-cultural communication. In each of the cases there is something to be improved upon. Write an analysis on what is to be desired for more successful communication or cultural understanding in each case by answering Questions 26--28 respectively. Your analysis of each case should be about 100--150 words. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.
Note: Your writing ability will also be assessed in this section of the test.
Case 1
Lin had traveled 20 hours fromBeijingtoNew York. He needed a good meal. His American friend, Mike，met him. But Mike only offered him a plate of roasted chicken and a glass of orange juice. Lin was used to having a main course, and asked Mike if he had any rice. Mike said he only had fried noodles，and Lin had to make do with it. Though Lin knew Americans didn’t care very much about what food they ate, he still felt surprised because he had taken Mike to the most famous duck restaurant in Beijing—Quanjude (全聚德)—when he arrived in Beijing.
26. Why does Li Gang get surprised? (10 points)
Case 2
Zhang Yi, an English major studying at a university in the U. S.，starts out，confidently. At first everything is fine, but gradually she discovers that she is expected to read a whole book every week for each class! Several courses require term papers longer than the graduation thesis. The Library is so big and complex and stores so many resources on the assigned topics that she wonders whether she. will manage to do the necessary research.
Zhang Yi finds she cannot understand the group conversations of her classmates. The casual joking way in which some of her American classmates talk about their parents and teachers sounds strange and unbelievable to her. They sometimes invite her to join in their social activities, but she has neither the time nor the money.
In the meantime, she gets letters from her family and friends at home, expressing their pride and confidence in her. Her parents tell her to work hard and take care of her health. She is already studying more hours a day than anyone she knows. She writes to her parents， but what she tells them is not what she really feels.
In a word, she feels rather frustrated and dismayed and doesn't know how to cope with the new life there.
27. At which stage of the cultural adaptation process is Zhang Yi? Suppose you are her best friend who knows a lot about cultural interactions. Make a list of strategies you would offer to help her ease discomfort and improve the probability of her adapting successfully. (15 points)
Case 3
Lee, an overseas student fromChina, once had a talk with his American classmate Tom.
Lee: It really puzzles me that you Americans thank people all day long. When the teacher answers your questions，when your mother buys you a book that you need, when a wife brings her husband a cup of coffee, after a salesgirl attends you, … etc.
Tom: Well，when I finished my tour in China, I said "thank you" to the interpreter who accompanied me during the tour. The interpreter replied, "It's my duty to do so.” I can’t help thinking that he means，"I had no choice but to do it, because it is my duty. Otherwise I would not have done so.’
28. What makes Lee puzzled and why? Is the interpreter’s reply appropriate in the English context? (15 points)
试卷代号：7643
湖南广播电视大学2014年1月开放教育期末考试
跨文化交际课程试题标准答案及评分细则
Section I．Cross Cultural Communication; Basic Knowledge and Skills (15小题，每题2分，共30分)
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. D 5. C
6. B 7. C 8. D 9. C 10. A
11. B 12. D 13. A 14. D 15. C
Section II Reading Comprehension (10小题，每题3分，共30分)
Part 1
16. Because achievement has been considered good and the idea of achievement is continuously reinforced.
17. People form their own value system based on what they picked up from their parents and others.
18. It means that values normally last for a relatively long period.
19. Yes，they do. Values may change very slowly when they influenced by other value systems.
20 It refers to the way how are children, when we are told something is either good or bad.
| 评 分 | 细 则 |
| 3 | 答句完全切题，语言通顺流畅，无语法错误； |
| 2 | 答句基本切题，语言基本通顺，有稍许语法错误； |
| 1 | 答句有出入，语句杂乱，语法错误较多； |
| 0 | 与试题无意义的文字或空白。 |
Part 2
21. F 22.T 23.F 24. T 25 .F
Section III. Communication Analysis (3大题，第26题10分，第27题15分，第28题15分，共40分)Question 26.
26. Case 1
1) In China，a visit to home always includes a meal. And the guest always brings a relatively rich present to the host. And the present should be well wrapped or untouched.
2) In the west, a visit to home only means a meeting, not necessarily including a meal. And the present is treated not as importantly as it is inChina.
3) I acted in a way that was based on Chinese customs，so I felt the American way was very interesting (unusual).
评分细则：第一要点3分，第二要点2分，第3要点3分，语言能力2分，，合计10分。
27. Case 2
1) Zhang Yi is at the stage of depression or confusion.
2) The first important thing to remember is that everyone in the same situation has to go through the same experience. It is the normal response to the loss of home culture.
3) Pay attention to difference within the new culture. Try to avoid making broad generalizations about everybody in the host/new culture. Suspend judgment until you understand the case carefully. Please keep in mind that people in one culture have reasons for their actions even if you don't understand them.
4) Look for people fromChinawith positive attitudes. Spend some time with or talk to your Chinese friends in the States who have had the same experience and have successfully adjusted themselves to the life there.
5) Try to get to know your American classmates and make some American friends by taking part in the social activities with them. Most Americans are happy to help the newcomers. So please don，t hesitate to ask about anything you don’t understand，yet avoiding suggestions o# criticism or complaint.
6)Readingabout the background of the new culture is also of great help in fostering understanding. Do find some time to read some English novels，travel books，and watch television, see movies, etc.
评分细则：每个要点2分，6个要点合计12分，语言能力3分，合计15分。
28. Case 3
1) A Chinese student would always thank his/her teacher for the latter’s help，but would seldom do so to his/her parents because Chinese people don’t usually say “Thank you” to those who are very close. They would rather choose some implicit ways to show their gratitude and concern, such as saying something like “leile ba?” (累了吧) “Xinku le.” (辛苦了) “kuai xiexie ba.” (快歇歇吧) etc. But one traditional Chinese concept holds that it is the duty of the young and the junior to do something for the elderly and the senior, and so the latter don't have to say thanks.
2) Saying "Thank you" is very common inAmerica, even between parents and children, husband and wife for very small and ordinary things. So they thank all day long. They use words like “Please”, “Excuse me”, “Thank you” in daily conversations，whether between intimates or between strangers.
3) Both English and Chinese cultures require their members to respond to thanks. But they have different expressions. The interpreter’s reply was far from the message he/she actually intended to convey.
评分细则：每个要点4分，3个要点合计12分，语言能力3分，合计15分。
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