Part One: Translate the following into Chinese or explain in English
1. Social Security
2、The House of Lords
3、Fund—raising party
4、Cover Story
5、 Princess
6、 recession
7、Westinghouse Science Talent Search
8、royal family
9、Senate
10、 political asylum
11、 NATO
12 、Lobbyist
13、 Asia—Pacific summit
14、the House of Commons
15、 British Foreign Secretary
16、 Christian
17、 royal family
18、Secretary of State
19、Senior citizen
20、Scud missile
Part Two: Read the following passage and then choose the right answer to each question
The new cadet stands in full battle dress, his face smeared with black green camouflage grease, sweltering in the August sun. Just two months earlier, David Craft, 19, of Rockford, Ohio, was a high school stud. Now, in cadet slang, he is a beachhead. "It's kind of degrading," he allows."We were the top of our class. Now we're dirt, scum. They're always on you. Whatever you do is wrong." Craft's best friend from high school, who accompanied him to West Point, has already dropped out. "He couldn't take the loss of freedom," explains Craft. "No McDonald's." Does Craft wish he were back home at Ohio State, drinking beer? The whites of his eyes grow large. "No, sir!" he exclaims. "This is serious business!"
Serious business, indeed. West Point, said General George S. Patton Jr. , class of '09 is "a holy place." The academy, said General Maxwell Taylor, '22, is "not for everyone, only for those with a true vocation." That calling is to lead in battle. "Your mission," General Douglas MacArthur, '03, told the cadets in 1962, "remains fixed, determined, inviolable: it is to win our wars."
Yet in the years since Viet Nam, critics in and out of uniform have repeatedly charged that too many officers have become cautious bureaucrats, adept at Pentagon politics perhaps, but interested more in advancing their careers than in preparing for the brutal exigencies of combat. In an era of unconventional warfare and low-level guerrilla struggles, military reformers sometimes fear that a rigid military-academy mind-set is geared to yesterday's wars of attrition. They question whether West Point is turning out the kind of officers that the nation needs.
1. The new cadet stands in full battle dress...
A. a student in a military school or academy
B. a student in a college or university
C. a navy officer D. an Army General
2. The academy, said General Maxwell Taylor...
A. the Navy academy B. the science academy
C. West Point D. Arvada Business School
3. Yet in the years since Viet Nam...
A. a country in Asia B. a city in Laos
C. a place in Bosnia D. the Viet Nam War
4. ... a rigid military-academy mind-set is geared to yesterday's war of attrition.
A. organized B. started C. prepared D. suitable
Campaign strategists have agreed to focus to focus on the Senate, where leaders hope to complete work on the budget package by May 1. “We felt that if the Senate defeated the proposal, it would not even come up in the House,” says John Rot her, legislative director for the 18—million—member American Association of Retired persons.
Targeted mainly are Republicans, who control the Senate, with particular emphasis on the 21 who face re—election next year. The next election looms large in the lobbyists’ strategy. “We shall not forget if Congress behaves in an unfriendly fashion to the senior citizens of the United States,” warns Jacob Clay man, president of the NCSC, which represents 4.5 million persons. “We shall remember—and 1986 is just around the corner.”
Eric Shulman, legislative director for the NCSC, explains: “Those up for reelection will have their ears closest to the ground—and we are making as much of a rumble as we can. We see this issue being won or lost not in Washington but out in the countryside.” Adds Arthur Flemming, former U. S. commissioner on aging and now a lobbyist for the elderly:” “It’s the grass roots that convey the message most effectively.”
1．…… where leaders hope to complete …
A．House leaders B．floor leaders
C．Congressional D．Senate leaders
2．… it would not even come up in the House …
A． the House of Commons
B． the House of Representatives
C．the House of Lords
D．the Senate
3．Targeted mainly are Republicans who control the Senate …
A．so said because the Democrats hold more seats in the Senate
B．so said because the Republicans hold more seats in the Senate
C．so said because the Republicans hold less seats in the Senate
D．so said because the Republicans Party holds more congressional seats
4．“It’s the grass roots that convey the message most effectively.”
A．ordinary citizens or voters B．basic structures
C．politicians D．Congressmen
Part Three: Read the following passage and then answer the questions
Blacks in America
American Blacks are identified as an ethnic group in the U. S. They are often discussed separately not because of the color of their skin but because of their special role in American history. This lecture is intended to give a general view of some phases of their experience in the new world and their present status in American society.
Blacks 'history in America (1660-1860)
American Blacks are without doubt all of African origin. The first group of 20 Blacks sold to English settlers of Virginia in 1619 were brought in by a Dutch ship. From that time to the mid-19th century, some 14 million blacks were transported from West Africa to Virginia and other southern
colonies of the New World. Almost all of them were sold into slavery and subjected to white rule. Not only would they work for their masters as slaves for life but also their descendants would be slaves the moment they were born.Of course no person would have voluntarily chosen to be sold away from his native country. He was either sold by his own rulers or captured by white slave traders as portrayed in Alex Haley's novel Roots. Some of the details in Haley's story were similar to those in other books. The kidnapping of slaves and their miserable life under the supervision of slave-owners and overseers existed and the conditions on the voyage from Africa to America were horrible. The slaves' bodies were bound together and their limbs either tied or chained with shackles like Kunta, an important character in Roots. The air in the holds was filthy with the smell of sweat, vomit and body waste. When they caught infectious diseases, many slaves died on the voyage. Some even died of flogging or starvation. It was said that only about half slaves could survive the voyage. Though some survived, the fate of those survivors was no better than being sold at auction like animals.
After 1700, a large number of Africans arrived in America. In the first half of the century, they made up 20 percent of the colonial population. Many of them were in the southern colonies. They worked either on plantations or in houses. Then in 1793, the invention of the cotton gin by Eli Whitney resulted in a new demand for more slaves as it provided an inexpensive method of separating cotton seeds from fibers, With the increase in cotton acreage, slavery persisted in the South and became the foundation of its economy.
Slavery was anyhow a moral evil. It was inhuman and was also an institution restricting the development of industry. Many people, mostly people in the North desired an immediate end to the evil institution so that they would be able to develop industry. Some assumed that the only way to solve the problem was to ship all Blacks back to Africa. With the aid of such leading figures as James Monroe (president), John Marshall (Supreme Court justice), Henry Clay and Daniel Webster (senators), they established the American Colonization Society in the 1820 's. This organization was finally successful in getting some land in West Africa for those willing to go back home, thus forming the new nation: the Republic of Liberia, the place of freedom. They named its capital Monrovia after the U.S. president at the time. However, the resettlement policy did little to solve the dilemma. No more than 15,000 Blacks returned to Africa between 1821 and 1860; most of the others preferred to stay in the places they had been born. Those rejecting the policy of being sent home claimed American citizenship on the ground that they were Americans by birth so that they were entitled to the rights set forth in the Declaration of Independence.
1、 How did the first group of Blacks arrive in America?
2、 Describe the voyage to America for the slaves on the ship.
3、 Where did many of the slaves settle? Why?
4、 What solution did President Monroe propose to solve the problem of slavery?
5、 What does the Republic of Liberia mean?
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