I. Vocabulary and Structure
1. Our allies kept ____________ weapons.
A. them supplied with B. us supplied of
C. us give with D. us supplied with
2. It is important that the boss ______ you are behind.
A. not realize B. doesn’t realize
C. realizes D. don’t realize
3. The songs _____ on the radio are boring.
A. playing B. played C. to be played D. having played
4. By the end of this year, I _______ for the company for four years.
A. will have been working B. will work
C. have worked D. work
5. ______ to the doctor right away, he might have been alive.
A. If he went B. Were he gone
C. Should he have gone D. Had he gone
1---5: D A B A D
6. If only I _______ all the books before I took the exam.
A. read B. have read C. had read D. would have read
7. They contributed _____ the repairs of the Great Wall.
A. for B. on C. to D. with
8. ______ arrived at the supermarket, we found it already filled with people.
A. On B. In C. From D. To
9.________ , the river looks very beautiful.
A. Seeing from the mountain B. Having seen from the mountain
C. Seen from the mountain D. Having been seen from the mountain
10. The company ______ a net profit of 20million by the end of this year.
A. will reach B. would be reaching C. reaches D. will have reached
6---10：C C A C D
11. She had a ______ career, which is described in one of her short stories.
A) various B) changed C) varied D) changing
12. Mrs. White is a recent addition _______ the staff of the school.
A) to B) of C) into D) with
13. The homeless couple ________ at last in finding a flat to rent.
A) managed B) did C) finished D) succeeded
14. She has been _______ her parents since she found a job in New York..
A) away from B) independent of C) dependent on D) reliable on
15. It was not easy to guess what his _______ to the news would be.
A) impression B) reaction C) comment D) idea
11--15： C A D B B
16. Circumstances forced us finally to ________ this policy.
A) admit B) adopt C) adapt D) adjust
17. He was strongly attracted by the ________ beauty of the scenery.
A) alone B) particular C) exceptional D) independent
16—17：B C
18. I don’t think that the necklace is made of diamond,________?
A. do I B. do you
C. isn’t it D. is it
19. I wish I _______ to play a musical instrument when I was young.
A. learned B. had learned C. learn D. has learned
20. A nine-month school year has worked well for a long time. ______, we should keep the traditional academic year.
A. Therefore B. But C. Though D. Moreover
21. They _____ him director.
A. adapted B. adopted C. adjusted D. appointed
22. The little boy was _____ for getting his shoes and socks wet.
A. charged B. fined C. accused D. scolded
18—22: D B A D D
II. Directions:
For each numbered blank in the following passage, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the best one and mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（每小题2分，共20分）
III. Directions:
Each of the passages below is followed by some questions. For each question there are four answers marked A, B, C and D. Read the passages carefully and choose the best answer to each of the questions. Mark your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（每小题2分，共20分）
Passage 1:
Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive(认知的) are as such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.
People will be alert (警觉的)and receptive (愿意接受的)if they are faced with information that gets them to think about things are interested in. And someone with a history of doing more rather than less will go into old age more cognitively sound than someone who has not had an active mind.
Many experts are so convinced of the benefits of challenging the brain that they are putting the theory to work in their own lives. “The idea is not necessarily to learn to memorize enormous amounts of information,” says James Fozard, associate director of the National Institute on Aging. “Most of us don’t need that kind of skill. Such specific training is of less interest than being able to maintain mental alertness.” Fozard and others say they challenge their brains with different mental skills, both because they enjoy them and because they are sure that their range of activities will help the way their brains work.
Gene Cohen, acting director of the same institute, suggests that people in their old age should engage in mental and physical activities individually as well as in groups. Cohen says that we are frequently advised to keep physically active as we age, but older people need to keep mentally active as well. Those who do are more likely to maintain their intellectual abilities and to be generally happier and better adjusted. “The point is, you need to do both”, Cohen says, “Intellectual activity actually influences brain cell health and size.”
1. People who are cognitively healthy are those _____.
A. who can remember large amounts of information
B. who are highly intelligent
C. whose minds are alert and receptive
D. who are good at recognizing different sounds
2. According to Fozard’s argument, people can make their brains work more efficiently by ____.
A. constantly doing memory work B. taking part in various mental activities
C. going through specific training D. making frequent adjustments
3. The findings of James and other scientists in their work ____.
A. remain a theory to be further proved
B. have been challenged by many other experts
C. have been generally accepted
D. are practiced by the researchers themselves
4. Older people are generally advised to ____.
A. keep fit by going in for physical activities
B. keep mentally active by challenging their brains
C. maintain mental alertness through specific training
D. maintain a balance between individual and group activities
5. What is the passage mainly about?
A. How biochemical changes occur in the human brain.
B. Why people should keep active not only physically but also mentally
C. How intellectual activities influence brain-cell health.
D. Why people should receive special mental training as they age.
C B D A B
Passage Two
Where do pesticides (杀虫剂) fit into the picture of environmental disease? We have seen that they now pollute soil, water , and food, that they have the power to make our streams fishless and our gardens and woodlands silent and birdless. Man, however much he may like to pretend the contrary, is part of nature. Can he escape a pollution that is now so thoroughly distributed throughout our world?
We know that even single exposures to these chemicals, if the amount is larger enough, can cause extremely severe poisoning. But this is not the major problem. The sudden illness or death of farmers, farm workers, and others exposed to sufficient quantities of pesticides is very sad and should not occur. For the population as a whole, we must be more concerned with the delayed effects of absorbing small amounts of the pesticides that invisibly pollute our world.
Responsible public health officials have pointed out that the biological effects of chemicals are cumulative (积累的) over long periods of time, and that the danger to the individual may depend on the sum of the exposures received throughout his lifetime. For these very reasons the danger is easily ignored. It is human nature to shake off what may seem to us a threat of future disaster. “Men are naturally most impressed by diseases which have obvious signs,” says a wise physician, Dr. ReneDubos, “yet some of their worst enemies slowly approach them unnoticed.”
1. Which of the following is closest in meaning to the sentence “Man,…is part of nature.” (Para. 1, Line 3)?
A. Man appears indifferent to what happens in nature.
B. Man acts as if he does not belong to nature.
C. Man can avoid the effects of environmental pollution.
D. Man can escape his responsibilities for environmental protection.
2. What is the author’s attitude towards the environmental effects of pesticides?
A. pessimistic B. indifferent C. defensive D. concerned
3. In the author’s view, the sudden death caused by exposure to large amounts of pesticides _____.
A. is not the worst of the negative consequences resulting from use of pesticides
B. now occurs most frequently among all accidental deaths
C. has sharply increased so as to become the center of public attention
D. is unavoidable because people can’t do without pesticides in farming
4. People tend to ignore the delayed effects of exposure to chemicals because _____.
A. limited exposure to them does little harm to people’s health.
B. the present is more important for them than the future
C. the danger does not become apparent immediately
D. humans are capable of withstanding small amount of poisoning
5. It can be concluded from Dr. Dubos’ remarks that ____.
A. people find invisible diseases difficult to deal with
B. attacks by hidden enemies tend to be fatal
C. diseases with obvious signs are easy to cure
D. people tend to overlook hidden dangers caused by pesticides.
B D A C D
Passage Three:
The concept of “environment” is certainly difficult and may even be misunderstood; but we have no handy substitute. It seems simple enough to distinguish between the organism and the surrounding environment and to separate forces acting on an organism into those that are internal and biological and those that are external and environmental. But in actual practice this system breaks down in many ways, because the organism and the environment are constantly interacting so that the environment is modified by the organism and vice versa (反之亦然).
In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer (持有者) of culture. If we look at man as an animal and try to analyze the environmental forces that are acting on the organism, we find that we have to deal with things like climate, soil, plants, and such-like factors common to all biological situations; but we also find, always, very important environmental influences that we can only class as “cultural”, which modify the physical and biological factors. But man, as we know him, is always a bearer of culture; and if we study human culture, we find that it, in turn, is modified by the environmental factors of climate and geography. We thus easily get into great difficulties from the necessity of viewing culture, at one moment, as part of the man and, at another moment, as a part of the environment.
1. Which of the following words can best describe the popular understanding of “environment” as the author sees it?
A. Elaborate B. Prejudiced C. Faultless D. Oversimplified
2. According to the author the concept of “environment” is difficult to explain because ______.
A. it doesn’t distinguish between the organism and the environment
B. it involves both internal and external forces
C. the organism and the environment influence each other
D. the relationship between the organism and the environment is unclear
3. In analyzing the environmental forces acting on man the author suggests that ____.
A. biological factors are less important to the organism than cultural factors to man
B. man and other animals are modified equally by the environmental forces
C. man is modified by the cultural environment as well as by the natural environment
D. physical and biological factors exert more influence on other organisms than on man.
4. As for culture, the author points out that ____.
A. it develops side by side with environmental factors.
B. it is also affected by environmental factors.
C. it is generally accepted to be part of the environment
D. it is a product of man’s biological instincts
5. In this passage, the author is primarily concerned with _____.
A. the interpretation of the term “environment”
B. the discussion on organisms and biological environment
C. the comparison between internal and external factors influencing man
D. the evaluation of man’s influence on culture
D C C B A
IV. Directions:
Put each of the following sentences into English or Chinese, using the word given in the bracket if any. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.（每小题3分，共15分）
1. What’s more, since defensiveness often leads to more defensiveness, the manager and the assistant will now be locked in a bitter power struggle, with both trying to protect their self-esteem and defend their positions.
更为严重的是，由于抵触情绪往往会导致更多的抵触情绪，其结果是经理和助理会陷入苦苦的权利之争当中，两个人都企图维护自己的自尊和地位。
2. Regularly during the Middle Ages and Renaissance, Europe became excited over “inventions” that had originated in China centuries earlier and had migrated slowly westward to Europe.
在中世纪和文艺复兴时期常常有这样的现象：欧洲为一些“发明”激动不已才发现，这些所谓的“发明”原来来源于几个世纪前的中国，只是慢慢地向西传到了欧洲。
3. Fortune-tellers had to be inventive because the art of prophecy was a risky business. When a prophecy failed, fortune-tellers would deal with their predicament by coming up with an explanation and then proposing a new, improved method.
算命先生必须具体创造性，因为预言术是一个冒险性很强的事情。当一个预言失败了，算命大师会苦思冥想出一些解释，然后会推荐一种新的改良方法。
4. Above all, they passed down to modern engineers their conviction that by hard work the world could be molded and reshaped for the benefit of the people living in it.
更为重要的是，他们为现代工程师们流传下了一个坚定的信念：为了生活于地球上的人们的利益，可以通过艰苦的努力来改变世界的形象。
5. What’s more, since defensiveness often leads to more defensiveness, the manager and the assistant will now be locked in a bitter power struggle, with both trying to protect their self-esteem and defend their positions.
更为严重的是，由于抵触情绪往往会导致更多的抵触情绪，其结果是经理和助理会陷入苦苦的权利之争当中，两个人都企图维护自己的自尊和地位。
6. If you stood on the moon and looked back toward Earth, you could see with the naked eye only one structure: the Great Wall of China, which was built in the third century B.C.
假如你站在月球上用肉眼看着地球的方向，你能看见的唯一建筑物就是建于公元前三世纪的中国长城。
7. Ever since music videos became popular in the early 1980s, television viewers have become used to the idea of experiencing music by “seeing” it as well as listening to it.
自从20世纪80年代初期音乐录像流行以来，电视观众已经习惯了一边听一边“看”来欣赏音乐了。
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